How Music Influences an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

How Music Influences by Expert Prof. Richardson | 20 Dec 2016 How music Influences Listeners over time Music has its different purposes and reason of use to different people. But no matter what that reason is music has always affected people in different ways. Music has its wide use like in dance, therapy, entertainment or whether it may be a part of rituals and other cultural use. Many people nowadays feel that music is a part of their lives and makes up their personality. At times people attributes you to the kind of music you listen to and determines your attitude as well. Although at some point it is not necessarily true that the kind of music you listen to makes a totality of what your personality. Sometimes people think that just because music is a big part of the person, actions and decision are sometimes affected by it. At some point it maybe correct but I say that people do not just base their actions on the type of music they listen to but they do want they want based on whatever they think is appropriate and just for them. Need essay sample on "How Music Influences" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People Usually Tell Us:I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my friendsEssay writers recommend: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place!Essay Help Services Essay Writing Service Buy College Papers Online Paper Writing Service Music has also been widely use for therapy. Soothing music helps therapeutically by stimulating a persons mind to relax and decrease stress in their body. Some research shows that music helps improve blood circulation, decrease blood pressure, improve breathing and helps inpidual to cope easily in the environment when in pain or hospitalized. According to the American Music Therapy Association, music helps ease depression and aids to memory loss by stimulating the immune system. Studies also shows when premature infants listen to lullaby and other soothing songs it helped them gain weight. Music also helps relieved children anxieties during their hospital stay because of the painful procedures and medical exam done to them. A pediatric music program used music as their form of therapy for asthma patients by enhancing their breathing while listening to music. Other studies regarding music shows that it is even helpful to adults and geriatric inpiduals especially those that are living in stressful way. It helps them cope up with stress easily and helps function better by improving their health conditions. In some way or the other music have its effects on people. The different style of music makes people look and act persely. People take music in a different level based on how much they have understood and how persuaded they are. The impact of music to everyone was more of a fashion statement. It causes people to act in extremes at times even merely to those that have not quiet understood it. It is kind of fashion in a way that it dictates the type of dress you wear and even the people you are with. Listeners get a hang of what they listen to because its a way where they could actually express themselves. Music inspires people to be a part of something, its way of finding something that really shows a part of you that you want to share with others. For example not everyone can sing but why is that every time we hear a song we feel like singing to it. When a new artist or singer that comes out why do we think that this person attracts many people? It is because the listeners identifies and embarks themselves to the artists music and style. Nowadays music has been blamed for demeaning and corrupting teenagers mind. Rap music has been heavily associated to crimes while rock and heavy metals are attributed to have dark thoughts that influence young teens to commit suicide. Media believes that rap and rock songs are to blame for the bad behaviors that teenagers have nowadays. Some parents also blame rap and rock music in influencing their child to behave badly but the real reason is unseen really. Rap music does not influence teenagers to shoot people or to commit crimes it is mainly about the life, the hardship of the artist before becoming artists. It speaks about reality and what is going and not what should be going on but of course some people thinks its easier to blame rap artists like Snoop Dog or Eminem regarding teenage life. Rock artists are also blamed for teenagers who act violently or even those who commits suicide. But what they neglect to know is the real problem that these teenagers have. Heavy metals and rock artists mainly attracts teenagers on their fashion and not about violence. They do not pierce themselves or tear their pants because they are in favor violence but they do these because its a way of expressing themselves differently. One does not act violent even if his clothes are different from the rest, although the clothes we wear is a part of the personality that we have it is not the basis for acting violently or committing suicide. A persons clothing does not defy his decency or for committing something bad. Parents and media should keep in mind that if teenagers are responsible and have been raced well they would never do something that could hurt them or the people around them (Cyber Essays, 1998). One of the many artists who is very influential to the music industry is Eric Clapton. He has greatly influenced other musicians like him to be in the industry of music and has made great music all throughout his career and even presently. He has become legendary for being in the industry of music. He was established as one of the worlds major rock stars and one of the best guitarists of his generation. His genre was on rock music but is different from the heavy metals and rock songs presently. Classic rock, country rock, hard rock, blues, pop and soul types of music are one of many his styles. Listeners like his kind of music because his music is very authentic and even though he has change his style whether it maybe blues or rock, but he has never left his roots on the kind of music he would play. His music is always about where he comes from and about his personal experience in life. Using his personal ups and down in life Eric Clapton brought listeners an insight , wisdom and inspiration by showing that although he is an artist his life experiences is just the same as any other human being. His listeners like his kind of music because it shows reflection of his work. His works are attributed to the people that he meets and has inspired him. As an artist his music was also influenced by other artists like him including Bob Dylan. His music is arranged in a distinct way that connects to listeners. The authenticity of his work is truly magnificent. He just not writes song because its what he does but he writes his music in a way that his music would live up to his life. His music touches his listeners personally and encourages them about lifes struggle. This is why Eric Clapton is praised by many artists that he influenced and those listeners he was able to connect with. Music has played a crucial part in his life as well as to those around him. Music is important to listeners because it allows me have a momentarily leap towards their problems or whatever stressful situation they are faced. It allows them to think differently and allows them to be creative. Music influences everyone for a long period of time in whatever genres or period of development because it speaks what we are not able to. Listening to music somehow eases discomforts and even pain to some. It is widely spread because music connects to people. They defy the barriers of men, race, culture and even the social status. People from different country are able to share music because music does not give any criteria of who should learn or listen to it. People listen to music because it gives them something to listen to. Listening to music influences people differently whether it may be positively or negatively, it does not regard whether the person is bad or good. Conclusion Each person has their own cultural heritage, parental roots and other self notion that plays a great impact on the things that influences them. Music is a big part of this. Music influences an inpidual in differently and in many ways. Music is everywhere, whether it is on the radio, television, internet, in the malls and or even the places that we never thought it would be. People listen to music with whatever reasons they have. It may or may not influence them but music definitely plays a big part of peoples lives. Music can be a form of attraction or entertainment to the people who listen to it. Listeners as a whole listen to music with different reasons whether it may be a positive one or not. Music is a way to connect, to belong and even to be accepted by some. Listeners today take music as a part of who they are or what they are. Listeners are able to identify themselves to the music they listen to. It allows them to think outside the box. The kind of music they choose shows a percentage of what they cannot express freely. It does not mean though that if your music is not a soothing like heavy metals or rap song makes you a disturbed person but its a way to show that these songs are actually just outlet of the things that we are not in control of. Music effects vary because of its distinctness. One of the many effects of music is therapy. Music is a therapy, some people may not be aware of that but music can heal. It helps people at a very emotional stage to get over depression. Studies shows how music can calm people with anxieties and helps them cope with stress easily. Music stimulates the brain according to some researchers those babies that listen to music shows weight gain. People that have a hard time getting over things listen to music to help them somehow forget. It helps them in forgetting the pain or loss. Music has influenced listeners to move on especially those people who have lost someone. The type of music people listen to also reflects the kind of mood they are in. Whether youre happy or sad music has its way of comforting you. It alleviates your feelings towards something. Couple who listen to music helps them to relax and enjoy the times they have with each other. After losing someone really important to you, you listen to music in order to remember that person and the memories that you have and suddenly you realize that its not that bad after all. Teenagers are heavily influenced by music, it is because young generation nowadays is faced with different battles in life and music helps them cope up. Although there are a lot of stereotypes regarding music influences in teenagers, music still play an important role in todays generation. Teenagers are able to identify themselves as a person that somehow at times when the world has misunderstood them, the music that they listen to helps them think that whatever life shows and brings they are not the only ones that have gone through this stage. Whether it maybe Eminem, Michael Jackson or Eric Clapton and many other artists, music will continue to influence listeners. Music inspires listeners to be a pat of something. It even helps people in a lot of way. Eric Clapton had music with him through the ups and down of his life. He became a part of something and helped people become a part of him as well. His listeners are influenced in a good way to the insights and wonders of life. Through his music he was able to influence other artists like him to write songs that inspire and motivate people in their dreams. Many listeners are influenced by his music because it reflects the true person he really is. Music is a crucial part of his life just as his listeners. Music will continue to influence listeners over a longer period of time. Music is a universal language that connects nations and people together. No matter how music has influenced you or how important it is to a person it is still wise that when we become a part of something we take responsibility of it. Listeners listen to music because of different or even personal reasons but it does not define who we really are. We all are different in our choices or even preferences but certainly one thing connects us all and that is the love of music. But let us still take into accounts that whatever or whoever influences us, we still have a choice and enough reasoning to justify whatever actions we make in our lives. References Cyber Essays (1997-1998). Musics Important Influence. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from http://www.cyberessays.com/Arts/38.htm Fried, C. B. (2003). Stereotypes of Music Fans: Are Rap and Heavy Metal Fans a Danger to Themselves or Others?. Journal of Media Psychology. 8(3), 2-20 Kaleimamahu, W. K. (2003). Intrapersonal Communication: A Musical Influence. Hohonu- A journal of Academic writing. 1(1), 1 Schramm, H. (2006). Consumption and effects of music in the media. Communication Research Trends. Retrieved May 2, 2008 The Eric Clapton Fan Club Magazine. (2007). A brief Biography of Eric Clapton. Retrieved May 2, 2008 Waterman, M. (1996). Emotional Responses to Music: Implicit and Explicit effects in Listeners and Performers. Psychology of Music. 24(1), 53-67

Strategic Project Management

Strategic Project Management Free Online Research Papers Strategic Program Management Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to begin the process of Problem Based Learning. In this step, you will be looking at one or more realistic situations and using them, in the context of this course, to identify the key concepts involved that you will need to understand in order to solve whatever problems you might encounter in those situations. Complete the table below by identifying at least five concepts that you will study from the text on the rEsource page in order to resolve the situations presented; list and briefly describe them in column A. You have on the resource page a scenario that provides an examples of realistic situation in which these concepts apply. Examine this scenario and in Column B identify specific examples from it which illustrate an application of the concept. The example could be an issue in the scenario which illustrates a concept. Cite in Column C where in the reading you found the concept that the example illustrated. Table for Assignment One A: Concept B: Application of Concept in Scenario C: Citation of Concept in Reading Example from Global Communications Scenario in MBA/500: Building Organizational Commitment, which is developed through the activities of: Justice support Job security Organizational comprehension Trusting employees Example from Global Communications Scenario in MBA/500: Sy states that Global Communication’s competitive edge is drawn from loyal employees, but what will be the effect of laying off employees in the Small Business Group? This contradicts job security as a component of Building Organizational Commitment. Nancy recommends that they tell the truth to the affected employees will accept the explanation, but Nancy is trying to build organizational comprehension (identifying with the organization by keeping employees informed) and re-establish trusting employees, two activities to Build Organizational Commitment. Example from Global Communications Scenario in MBA/500 McShane (2005, ref. pg #?) Project Management Strategy: Expansion Currently, the schools serve about 1000 students, and enrollment increases by roughly 5 percent per year. The Board of Directors believes that number could be higher, that the school could serve even more communities across the United States. Our top priority will be evaluating the first year of our three-year plan. To that end, I’ve asked Nancy to put together a summary of our year-end financial and operating results report, as well as a forecast for the coming year. Although costs are up a few percent, we have negotiated the addition of all of the vacant space in our three buildings at no additional costs. If we are going to expand this school into other states, we will need significantly more funding to acquire additional locations and fund the marketing. We will need to generate at least three to four million in cash for the next two years to give us the funding we need. Our projects have to yield their committed improvements. â€Å"†¦it is time to expand the traditional role of the project manager from an operational to a more strategic perspective. In the modern evolving organization, project managers will be focused on business aspects, and their role will expand from getting the job done to achieving the business results and winning in the market place.† (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 22) â€Å"By watching your overhead you can spend more on business expansion,† (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 95) Four Activities of the Strategic Management Process The typical sequence of activities of the strategic management process is outlined here; a description of each activity then follows: 1. Review and define the organizational mission. 2. Set long-range goals and objectives. 3. Analyze and formulate strategies to reach objectives. 4. Implement strategies through projects. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 24) Technology to increase efficiency I’ll start with the new â€Å"Life Skills† software. My understanding is that this software would increase the ratio of students to teachers from 3 to 1 to 4 to 1. I see no ratio improvement for next year. Nancy: We are only showing the ratio increase for new teachers and assistants. Most of the older faculty prefers using one-on-one live instruction, and they get excellent results with that. The newer teachers we’re hiring are more open to the computer assisted learning, which increases the ratio. A high level of expertise and technology can be brought to bear on the project (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 68) look at computer technology as the vehicle for work and entertainment. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 25) Opportunities and threats usually represent external forces for change such as technology, industry structure, and competition. Competitive benchmarking tools are sometimes used here to assess current and future directions. Opportunities and threats are the flip sides of each other. That is, a threat can be perceived as an opportunity, or vice versa. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 26) Factors such as researching new technology, public image, ethical position, protection of the environment, core competencies, and strategic fit might be important criteria for selecting projects. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 37) Business development Along with the school’s executive director, the Board has adopted a new strategy that uses business development as the model to increase funding sources and revenues. The three-year strategic program plan includes a number of new projects to help realize this new vision. a new-product development project will likely involve the combined efforts of people from design, marketing, manufacturing, and finance. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 56) One of the advantages of creating dedicated project teams is that project participants from different functional areas can develop into a highly cohesive work team that is strongly committed to completing the project. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 62) Project managers have to be able to read and speak the culture they are working in to develop strategies, plans, and responses that are likely to be understood and accepted. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 77) With the long-term position identified, objectives are set, and strategies are developed to achieve objectives and then translated into actions by implementing projects. Strategy can decide the survival of an organization. Most organizations are successful in formulating strategies for what course(s) they should pursue. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 24) Profit increase/Stategic placement John (Thomas, Chairperson, Board of Directors) has grown Foundation Schools revenues by nearly 10 percent per year, bringing financials out of the red. As CEO of a large tech company, John has a strong business background, excellent leadership skills, and is well-respected by school faculty and the community. John’s favorite saying is â€Å"Not for profit does not mean ‘for a loss,‘ Nancy and I just returned from a meeting with the Jacobs City School Board and they have agreed to send all of their special needs students to the Foundation Schools starting in September. They have identified 45 students who will be joining us, and they have also agreed to our new rates, which reflect an eight percent increase over the next two years. Nancy: In terms of the financials and operating results, you can see our net income increased because we enrolled more students this year. And as a result of marketing and business development, we expect a major jump in total revenues for next year, a net income increase of nearly two million dollars. Companies have to be disciplined in saying no to potentially profitable projects that are outside the realm of their core mission. This requires other criteria be considered beyond direct financial return. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 34) Payback formula is Payback period (yrs) _ Estimated Project Cost_Annual savings (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 32) For example, a firm may support projects that do not have high profit margins for other strategic reasons including: To capture larger market share To make it difficult for competitors to enter the market To develop an enabler product, which by its introduction will increase sales in more profitable products To develop core technology that will be used in next generation products To reduce dependency on unreliable suppliers To prevent government intervention and regulation (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 34) Salary initiatives Jennifer: I have increased my ratio to 4 to 1 and find the software is really a great help. But I agree with Nancy, most of the faculty resist it. And there are no real reasons for using it since it does not impact their compensation in any way. Andy: Sounds like we could use a new incentive plan for faculty. I assumed their salary was tied to performance. Jeff: I made the same assumption, when I came on board earlier this year. But the faculty pay system is based on years of service and numbers of degrees, not performance. †¦consider recommending a new performance-driven compensation plan for teachers†¦ However, once a partner, they were virtually guaranteed the position for life and enjoyed significant increases in salary, benefits, and prestige. (Gray Larson, 2005, p.85) Reward criteria- the degree to which rewards such as promotion and salary increases are allocated according to employee performance rather than seniority, favoritism, or other nonperformance factors. (Gray Larson, 2005, p. 73) References Gray Larson. (2005). Project Management: The Managerial Process. Chapter 1. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Gray Larson. (2005). Project Management: The Managerial Process. Chapter 2. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Gray Larson. (2005). Project Management: The Managerial Process. Chapter 3. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Research Papers on Strategic Project ManagementIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfLifes What IfsMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWStandardized TestingOpen Architechture a white paper

Chapter 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Chapter 5 - Essay Example Then proceed to the actual purchase. The decision to purchase and the selection will be based on the features of the product, the perceived value and its capabilities. Then proceed with post purchase analysis. From the onset, the marketers should know that purchasing only exists because there exists are need. It therefore follows that the strategy to generate or reinforce a need in the consumers mind is absolutely significant in stimulating the consumer purchasing behaviour. This can be done through thorough marketing campaigns such as advertisements. The marketers should create brand awareness among consumers. Consumers normally select products that they know by name or those in their mind, this is called Top-of –mind awareness or TOPA. The marketers also need to improve customer relations and the general shopping experience for the consumers. This will go a long way in forging strong relations and improving reputation of the marketer’s product hence creating customer

Ethical Obligations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Obligations - Essay Example Rather, humans are able to determine courses of action which will benefit the sum whole of humanity and to perform those behaviors which, in their assessment, create the greatest general good regardless of the personal good created. The tendency of humans to perform these actions is called benevolence. Finally, there exists a third motivating factor, which must be taken into account to form a proper moral theory; this third factor will be called obligation. Obligation is the result of the social nature of humans. Suffice to say, for now, that obligations are the motivations to perform actions which result from explicit promises regarding what behavior one will engage in. Obligations have been a key aspect of many influential moral theories. Several great philosophers have heavily relied on the concept of obligations in their moral theories. Perhaps most notably are the ideas of contracts or covenants in Hobbes' Leviathan and Hume's discussion of promises in Of the Obligation of Promises. Both of these philosophers, as well as many others, have developed theories in such a way so as to incorporate obligations, though they often refer to them by another nomenclature, into them. Hobbes relies heavy on obligations, or covenants as he refers to them. According to Hobbes humans in the state of nature realize that it is in their best interest to each relinquish rights to others so as to establish some social order to escape from the aforementioned state of nature. These relinquishments of rights by an individual to another individual or to the group as a whole are covenants. Hobbes asserts that these covenants are brought about by two principles he claims to be laws of nature: "[t]hat every man, ought to endeavor Peace, as far as he has hope of obtaining it; and when he cannot obtain it, that he may seek, and use, all helps, and advantages of War," and, "[t]hat a man be willing, when others are so too, as far-forth, as for Peace, and defense of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himself." It follows, then, that in so far as one en tering a covenant will foster peace and the person with whom one is entering the covenant is equally willing to relinquish rights the covenant existence of covenants is dictated by the laws of nature. It is from these covenants that Hobbes seems to believe obligation arise. Hobbes has the following to say concerning the obligation created by entering a covenant: "he that is to perform in time to come, being trusted, his performance is called Keeping Of Promise, or Faith; and the failing of performance (if it be voluntary) Violation Of Faith." It is clear that Hobbes believes that entering into these covenants does in fact create an obligation and that one should endeavor to fulfill one's obligations. (Wilson, 2003) Hobbes puts such importance on the concept of obligation that he offers the creation and fulfillment of obligations as the only way to escape from the nearly unbearable state that is his conception of the state of nature. Despite his being on the right track in placing such importance on

Is Single Life or Married Life Better Essay Example for Free

Is Single Life or Married Life Better Essay In my culture, you used to be required to be married in order to be treated as a grown up or an adult. That concept had been in my culture for more than a thousand years. As time changed, that concept has somewhat changed too. Nowadays, being married in an option. Many people prefer to stay single and are living happily with their choices, but many others disagree. They think that you need to be married to achieve ultimate happiness. So, what are the differences between being married and being single? The three most popular arguments between a married life and a single life are freedom, social ife and finance. Let’s start with the first difference: freedom, since it is the first thing you give up when you marry to someone. Coming along with marriage is responsibilities, it means that you have to take care of your partner, your children, you cannot just decide to do anything on your own anymore. You can’t take off and do anything you want anymore, because most of your time will be dedicated to your family. So, whenever you want to go out with your friends, you need to ask your partner for permission. Things are ifferent when you are single. When you are single, you have full control over your life, you are not bound to any responsibility but your own. If you need to take a break from the stress from your work, you can just take off by yourself. When you want to go out with your friends, you don’t need to ask anyone’s permissions. In contrast, you have busy life taking care of you parent and your children, and you don’t get enough time to go out and enjoy yourself. If you’re married, you don’t have to worry about your social life. It won’t be a hassle if you ecide to go out or need someone to hang out with because your partner will always be there. Since you and your parent have become a package, your amount of friends will become double concluding your partner’s source of friends. You get to meet more people with more choices of activity. But, things are much more difficult for a single person than a married couple in social life. People who are single always have to worry about their companion whenever they are out. They don’t have such a stable friend or partner every time they go out. Instead, they need to call many friends before they find a suitable partner for the night, or they need to spend more time making new friends. Also their choices of activity are limited and predictable since there are only some activity for single person. So in comparison, people who are married will save time in finding a partner for their social activity with a lot more choices. Last but not least, finance. It is very controversy topic whether you will save more money staying single or earn more money being a married couple. According to Tom Van Riper on Forbes. com, married couples have the advantage in the short term compared to single life, where only 9. 3% of monthly gross income goes for rent compared with 23% for single, 5. 6% vs. 8. 3% for food, 1% vs. 1. 8% for cable television, and 1. 2% vs. 2. 8% for telephone bill. In addition, auto insurers place married couple in a lower risk class, saving them money on car insurance. On the other hand, once the children enter the picture, which can bring a married couple in financial trouble, a child’s cost can goes up to $4000 per onth ascending in ages. Despite the expenses, single people actually do better in buying houses. Annually, standard deduction for a single person is $4,750 per year, where married couple stands at $7,950 per year. Moreover, married couple tend to start saving for retirement early on, while singles generally wait until they’re 40, which means singles have more free cash in their pocket than married couple. As I stated in the introduction, nowadays, being single or married is a choice, which many eople choose differently according to the perks they encountered. But beyond the perks, you need to choose wisely with another point of view where you can acknowledge advantage and disadvantage of being single or married. Married life comes with responsibility, where you need make the correct decisions every day and taking care of your partner and your children; while single life offers freedom, escape from the burden of responsibilities, but lonely in the late years of your life. It has been always a tough decision.

Use of Generalist Fair Use Defence in Australian Intellectual Property

  Ã‚  Ã‚  The objective of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) is to protect those who create works, such as artistic works or literary works, as well as those other subject matter, such as films or sounds recordings, from those who would serve to exploit or profit from their labor, skill and creativity. But, what about those who use these protected works and other subject matter for interests different to the above? Such as for educational purposes or for broadcasting? Under the act, there are listed many defences to protect an individual or a corporation from infringement of copyright, or in other words, directly or indirectly, infringing those exclusive rights that the copyright owner possess, also listed under the act . These defences operate in areas such as fair dealing, educational uses, artistic works, performances, communication and broadcasting, computer programs, importing, copying by libraries and archives and judicial proceedings and statutes . Although the current act does p rovide protection, in the form of legislated, or statutory defences, it could be argued that a fair use defence, as is currently being used in the United States of America via their equivalent of the Copyright act , may be a more simple approach to this issue. The current legislation in some areas is specific, and in others, hard to understand. A generalist fair use defence may simplify the current legislation and also create less confusion for the individual and the Court system. But, there is always the risk by introducing such a measure, it may create loopholes, and at this current point in time, the Australian Court system is reluctant to import such a principle, although it has been acknowledged in obiter. It has been acknowledged, via legal forums, that the system of copyright law in Australia is complicated, and has been argued, through submission to be made simpler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As introduced above, the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) was introduced in response to the growing need to protect individual’s creative works or other subject matter from commercial or other exploitation. The above named act provides that copyright is a statutory right, and abolishes any right to copyright at common law . The Berne Convention for Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, an international convention on copyright protection, which was first held in 1886, and has b... ...llip, Intellectual Property: Copyright and Materials, Lawbook Company Casebook, Sydney 2002. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Paper for Meeting with the Copyright Law Review Committee on 4 October 2001, Discussion Paper, www.law.gov.au/www/clrHome.nsf/AllDocs/ -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ploman, Edward W, and Clark Hamilton, L, Copyright: Intellectual Property in the Information Age, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1980. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ricketson, Sam and Richardson, Megan, Intellectual Property: Cases, Materials and Commentary, 2nd Edition, Butterworths, Sydney 1998. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reynolds, R and Stoianoff, Natalie, Intellectual Property: Text and Essential Cases, The Federation Press, Sydney 2003. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Simplication of the Fair Dealing Provisions in the Copyright Act 1968†, Comments on the CLRC’s Discussion Paper, CAUL: Council of Australian University Librarians, August 1997, www.caul.edu.au/gov-inqu/clrc-972.html -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Simplification of the Copyright Act 1968†, Part I: Exceptions to the Exclusive Rights of Copyright Owners, Copyright Law Review Committee, www.law.gov.au/clr/Simplification/

Determinants of a Demand Curve:

Movement along the demand curve: There are many factors determining demand- the prime one being price. Price and quantity are the two components which form the demand curve. Any change in these two variables doesn’t cause a shift in the demand curve but a movement along what is already existent. When prices vary, quantity is altered. Usually, applying the law of demand, more will be consumed when prices drop and vice versa. When more goods are consumed due to a drop in prices there is an expansion in demand and when less is consumed due to an increase in price, it is said to be a contraction in demand. A shift in the demand curve: Factors which do cause a shift in demand include: consumer tastes, fashion and trends, income, population, income distribution, consumer expectations and technology. When there is a change in any one of these determinants of demand there will be an alteration in the demand curve. Since these changes are not a cause of changes in price, there will be a shift in the demand curve. When more is purchased at the same price, the demand curve will shift to the right as demand increases. When less is consumed at the same price, the demand curve will shift to the left, as there is a decrease in demand. How the determinants of demand can alter the demand curve are summarised below: 1. Consumer Tastes: consumers tastes and preferences change, which may be in favour of a certain product, increasing and decreasing demand for other goods and services 2. Income: an increase or decrease of consumer income will affect their disposable income and discretionary spending trends- increasing or decreasing demand 3. Population: the population of an area will affect demand. A larger population means more consumers and greater demand and vice a versa. 4. Income distribution: an even distribution of income will mean an increase for demand of luxury goods by low and middle income groups whereas an uneven distribution would lead to increased demand for necessities by low and middle income earners and a decrease in luxury spending. 5. Consumer expectations: expectations of future course pries, economic activity and government economic policies may affect demand. If there are expectations of a drop of prices in the future, consumers may choose to postpone current spending for the future. 6. Technology: Technology allows the production of new and better quality products and services, making other products and services obsolete by substituting them. Consumers may switch their demand for a superior or more convenient product or service which technology may bring along. E. g. : a newer mobile phone or a labour saving device.