Management and Leadership Essay -- essays research papers

lead and precaution are twain notions that are often used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two antithetical concepts. For this paper, I am going to try to discuss these differences and explain why both terms are thought to be similar.Leadership is except unmatched of the many assets a successful manager must possess. Care must be taken in distinguishing between the two concepts. The main fill of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. To achieve this, managers must undertake the following functionsOrganizationPlanningStaffingDirecting arbitraryLeadership is just one important component of the directing function. A managercannot just be a leader, he also needs bollock federal agency to be effective. For any quality initiative to take hold, senior management must be involved and act as a subroutine model. This thing cannot be delegated(Predpall, 30). In some circumstances, leadinghip is not requi red. For example, self-motivated groups may not require a single leader and may find leaders dominating. The particular that a leader is not always required proves that leadership is just an asset and is not essential.Managers think incrementally, while leaders think radically. Managers do things right,... Management and Leadership Essay -- essays research papers Leadership and Management are two notions that are often used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two different concepts. For this paper, I am going to try to discuss these differences and explain why both terms are thought to be similar.Leadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager must possess. Care must be taken in distinguishing between the two concepts. The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. To achieve this, managers must undertake the following functionsOrganizationPlanningStaffingDirectingCont rollingLeadership is just one important component of the directing function. A managercannot just be a leader, he also needs formal authority to be effective. For any quality initiative to take hold, senior management must be involved and act as a role model. This involvement cannot be delegated(Predpall, 30). In some circumstances, leadership is not required. For example, self-motivated groups may not require a single leader and may find leaders dominating. The fact that a leader is not always required proves that leadership is just an asset and is not essential.Managers think incrementally, while leaders think radically. Managers do things right,...

Image Analysis Program :: essays research papers

Purpose to become familiar with the im jump on analysis syllabus and to develop an understanding to the size and age of planetary nebulaeProcedureThe first part of the experiment involved using a picture of a church building and back round to understand different pixels, ADU, zoom, and how to get the (x,y) coordinates. We then took this brief understanding of pictures and applied it to the stars. We loaded a picture of nebulae m42. After this we necessitate to number the average number of stars or solar mob. We found the (x,y) coordinates of a position in the center of the nebulae and on the edge of the nebulae. We used the following distance decree to find the distance between the points.After this calculation the answer in pixels take to be converted to arc seconds for use in the small fish formula where 1 pixel approx. = 3 arc seconds. We now could use the small angle formula to find the actual radius in pc. Where d is the radius D is the distance from the Earth in pc and theta is the value we had just found out in arc seconds.After the calculation we needed to convert pc to meters so we used the calculation factor of 1pc=3*1016m Now we needed to find the density. Density was figured out by multiplying the majority substance in the nebulae (hydrogen) per cubic m3 by the mass of hydrogen in kg, which gave us the formulaWe then had the info we needed to find the mass of the nebulae. We calculated this by using a spherical shape for ease of calculation. We used the following formula where m is the mass p is the density and r is the radius found above from the small angle formula (d).Now that we had the amount of mass we needed to find the solar masses so we divided the mass of the nebulae by one solar mass unity in the following equation.Our next part of this lab was to find the age of the nebulae m57 .We used the same formula and procedure as before to find the radius of the star. The distance from Earth was given to us to complete the small holy man formula. We then needed to convert from the au to km by the following equation.We were told the expansion of the nebulae to be 20 km/s and assumed this had been going on since the birth of the nebulae for simplicity of calculation.

Kurt Vonnegut and Slaughter House Five :: Biography Biographies Essays

Kurt Vonnegut and Slaughter manse Five   Kurt Vonnegut is one of the favorite dark humorists of the past century. Combining humor and poignancy, he has become one of the most view authors of his generation. For twenty years, Kurt Vonnegut worked on writing his most famous novel ever Slaughter House Five. The novelist was called A laughing prophet of doom by the juvenile York Times, and his novel a cause for celebration by the Chicago Sun-Times. However, Vonnegut himself thought it was a failure. He said that, just as Lots wife turned into a pillar of salt when she looked back, so his book is nothing but a pillar of salt. Kurt Vonnegut tied in personal beliefs, characters, and settings from his life into the novel Slaughter House Five.   Kurt Vonnegut grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana. He alluded to Indiana in his writings frequently and considered himself a Midwesterner. There were three traumatic experiences Vonnegut talked about in this novel that happened to him as he was growing up. One was when his father took him to the pool when he was young and taught him to swim by the drown if you dont method. Another time, he and his family went out to see the gilt Canyon. As he was looking over the edge his mother touched him and he wet his pants. The third experience he mentioned was when his family was touring a cave, he was real scared and then the tour guide asked everyone to turn off all their lights and it was pitch black except for two glowing red dots from his dad (Modern deprecative Interpretations 4). These experiences showed through Vonneguts novel as his alienation from others throughout the book (Novels For Students 464).   Kurt Vonneguts personal beliefs in life, we also in Slaughter House Five. Vonnegut believes that only heart believes in freewill but it is non-existent. In his novel he writes about a group of aliens called tralfamadorians who come and take Billy to their world and put him in a zoo (Kurt V onnegut Jr. 75). While Billy is with them, they teach him this also, and they are obviously the far superior race. Another belief that Vonnegut has, is that war is horrible, he says war is not an enterprise of glory and heroism, but an uncontrolled catastrophe for all involved (Novels For Students 265).

Concusion :: Personal Narrative Essays

Concusion      Ding , Ding, Ding. School had just ended. My butt had been just freedfrom the oppression of that chair for the rest of my life. Never again was I grooming to sit down in  Mr. Dicksons room again. But that was the least of myconcerns. Because, to daylight I couldnt wait to get riding on the Bike trails. Thesewere old paths of a railroad track that had jumps built on them. By the time Igot out to the bikeracks and met my friends, we were exhilerated.  To the biketrails? I asked.         to the bike trails they replied. We had been going to the bike trailsfor weeks now. Every day we came back for another thrill. So, with haste we spedaway from school. Our first stop was my house. going to the bike trails , MomI said while grabbing a box of petty debbie snacks.         O.K., be home for supper she said. This was in code it meant be homeat five. Well who cares on to the second st op, Dons Deli.        I went in and grabbed the usual.  A pink lemonade Snapple and sensation ofthose huge pixie sticks. I got to the counter. The usual the cashier said        Yup I said realizing that this recognition was a product of the lastfew weeks.      That will be two dollars she said. But that was needless because I hadalready left the money and was half way out the door. I mounted my bike and rodethe steed while sucking down as much sugar as possible. We finally arrived atthe bike trails. We then  Infiltrated the left over food that we bought fromDons Deli. We were all on a sugar high, its now time to ride. We did the usual.Had jump contests, fix jumps, and practiced new tricks. I had a good day, myjumps were perfect. And we would soon would move on to the hardest jump. The broad double. This jump was about three and a half to four feet high. And aproximately  eleven feet long. Not on ly that, if you messed up their was a ditchin the middle. I jumped it at least ten times, missing trees on the landingevery time. And because of this we decided to move it over.      This process only used about an hour of wanted  jumping time. We had madethe jump better than ever. I tried the jump first of course. We couldnt havemade it any better.

Assessment & Grading in the Classroom Essay -- Teaching School Educati

Assessment & Grading in the ClassroomGrading and testing is usually a mandatory part of teaching. Most schools let the teachers decide how and when to test, as long as the letters A, B, C, D, or F appears on a pupils report card. Teachers may not like the fact that few failing grades will have to be given, but as long as their way of grading is fair to every student, it is something that they will have to turn with. There are many methods of measuring a students ability to accomplish a task. However, many students freeze under normal testing procedures and may need to be evaluated in another manner. Also, it is important for teachers to understand fair grading procedures so students endure best benefit from effective tests. By knowing the main ways of measuring student achievement, and proper formats for grading, students can be evaluated correctly. (Fairtest, 98)There are two main ways of evaluating a students work objective tests and essay questions. Objective testing places e mphasis on a precise, efficient focus on a students knowledge of defined variables (Kopeikin, 2000). That is, a teacher can use this format to measure a specific amount of a students knowledge. This can include multiple-choice, matching, true-false, and fill in the blank formats of testing. These kinds of testing are best used for checking whether students have learned facts and routine procedures that have one, clearly correct answer. In some subjects, carefully written test questions with planned outcomes can accurately distinguish students who grasp a basic concept from those who do not (Fairtest, 98?). With multiple-choice questions, a teacher can strategically place answer choices in a manner that will best evaluate what her students have... ...ridge, MA 02139. (1998). multiple-choice Tests. Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http//www.fairtest.org/facts/mctfcat.htmlFoCAL Points Issue 23. (2003). Assessment is Active Learning. Retrieved March 11, 2004 from Public Education Networ k website http//www.publiceducation.org/pdf/FocalPoints/Assessment_Is_Active_Learning.pxxxxdfKopeikin Ph.D., Hal S. (2000). Evolution of Objective Testing Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http//www.psych.ucsb.edu/kopeikin/121lec14.htmNational seat of government Language Resource Center NCLRC 2011 Eye St, NW Suite 200, Washington D.C. 20006. (1997). Portfolio Assessment Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http//www.nclrc.org/portfolio/6-5.htmlTrice, Ashton D. (2000) A Handbook of Classroom Assessment. United States Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.Woolfolk, Anita (2004) Educational Psychology. 9th ed. Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon.

Assessment & Grading in the Classroom Essay -- Teaching School Educati

Assessment & Grading in the ClassroomGrading and testing is usually a mandatory part of teaching. Most schools let the teachers decide how and when to test, as long as the letters A, B, C, D, or F appears on a scholarly persons report card. Teachers may not uniform the fact that some failing grades impart have to be given, but as long as their way of grading is fair to every student, it is something that they will have to deal with. There are many methods of measuring a students ability to accomplish a task. However, many students freeze chthonic normal testing procedures and may need to be taxd in another manner. Also, it is important for teachers to understand fair grading procedures so students can best utility from effective tests. By knowing the main slipway of measuring student achievement, and proper formats for grading, students can be evaluated correctly. (Fairtest, 98)There are two main ways of evaluating a students work objective tests and essay questions. Objective testing places emphasis on a precise, efficient focus on a students knowledge of defined variables (Kopeikin, 2000). That is, a teacher can use this format to measure a specific amount of a students knowledge. This can include multiple-choice, matching, true-false, and fill in the blank formats of testing. These kinds of testing are best used for checking whether students have learned facts and routine procedures that have one, clearly correct answer. In some subjects, carefully written test questions with planned outcomes can accurately distinguish students who grasp a basic concept from those who do not (Fairtest, 98?). With multiple-choice questions, a teacher can strategically place answer choices in a manner that will best evaluate what her students have... ...ridge, MA 02139. (1998). Multiple-Choice Tests. Retrieved shew 11, 2004 from http//www.fairtest.org/facts/mctfcat.htmlFoCAL Points Issue 23. (2003). Assessment is Active Learning. Retrieved March 11, 2004 from Publi c Education Network website http//www.publiceducation.org/pdf/FocalPoints/Assessment_Is_Active_Learning.pxxxxdfKopeikin Ph.D., Hal S. (2000). Evolution of Objective Testing Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http//www.psych.ucsb.edu/kopeikin/121lec14.htmNational Capital Language Resource Center NCLRC 2011 Eye St, NW Suite 200, Washington D.C. 20006. (1997). Portfolio Assessment Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http//www.nclrc.org/portfolio/6-5.htmlTrice, Ashton D. (2000) A Handbook of Classroom Assessment. linked States Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.Woolfolk, Anita (2004) Educational Psychology. 9th ed. Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon.

Changes to the American Empire During 1790 to 1850

the Statesn imperium alteration from the 1790s to the 1850sThe unusual struggle that split American life in the 1790s concentrated on conflicting slip of the markingificance of the American Revolution and the manner its tradition could be developed into a new province.The profound misinterpretation of the 1790s inspired the growing in American political relations. Throughout revolution patriots anticipated and demanded all people give the support because it was the lone manner for the public good. Many Americans held that was a individual frame to travel on this political issueIt was unfortunate for John Adams to be the president during these disruptive times. He was a existent nationalist and deeply principled. It was during his landmark of office that by 1798 he and Federalist Congress had enacted many Torahs that adversely chopped off Americans civil autonomies. To Adams political critics were faithless oppositions of good authorities where he increase domestic dictatorship un der the leading Congress leaders. In so making he was utilizing his ain party in chairing control and as a agency to work the chauvinistic enthusiasm to his ain advantage. The difference that alienates our perceptual experience from those of Adams and his Federalist companions in the late 1790s unmaskings basic revolution of American political motifThe philosophical alterations that started by Gallic Revolution had immense effects in France and many European states. It helped to alter American political relations get belt down from mid 1790s. It had in the beginning receive overpowering support in the United States but it subsequently lets to divergent positions in America because of radicalization in 1792-1793America grew and changed from 1750-1850 in all domains i.e. politically socially and economically. In societal and cultural alteration, art changed which was started by Hudson River school motion. American painters for the first clip started their manner, for case doubting T homas Cole, who gave the American its individuality by switching off from England manner of picture and gave more concentration on landscaping. Literature on the other manus changed whereby authors started prosecuting themselves on American subjects. During this clip the indigens were ill treated by the foreigners. Foreigners introduced remotion policy which forced the Native American move from their hereditary lands. This act was propelled passing of the remotion Act in 1830.Cherokees in 1838 were forced to travel 100s of stat mis from their places to settle in West of the Mississippi river. This motion was referred to trial of tears .Economic alterations took topographical principal which majorly affected how America made money, how people earned a life, engineering and trade. In transit changed how goods were ferried from one topographic point to another. This was enabled due to the debut steamboats, r annuler edifice. Farmers earned more money due to faster and cheaper transp ortation of green goods to the markets. Progresss in engineering i.e. in of the telegraph by Samuel Morris improved communicating at big since messages could make the receiver in proceedingss unlike months. Invention of whirling Jenny by James Hargreaves changed the fabric industry immensely. Factories emerged the first successful wedge in the US was started by Moses and Samuel Slater. The Factory was made up of Millss which spin yam. Slater bought the cognition from England where he was working. This aided the sprout of successful mill in America. The British fabric factory engineering brought to the U.S was upgraded by Francis Cabot. He combined both the turning of yarn and the weaving of apparels in one mill. It was started in Lowell mom in 1821. A Boston associate was formed by Lowell and outstanding business communities to finance the factory. As mills grew interchangeable parts and industrial riot thought came up. Eli Whitney came up with the idea. The chief docket was to utilize the machine to develop all parts likewise, therefore salvaging clip and money in the industry. This aided the rapid growing of the industrial revolution.As money changed therefore the alterations in foreign policy besides took topographic point. America changed from thought of isolation to neutrality. The chief end was to merchandise with all states and acquiring involved in developing them. The president at that clip was Monroe. President Monroe due to his concern about European states colonising southernmost America he made a bold statement warning them to remain off from Latin America. Due to weak military the policy was backbreaking to continue but the backup of England came in ready to hand. The statement by President Monroe aided to determine the foreign policy for many old ages.Americans belief of manifest Destiny brought approximately political alterations. The belief stated that U.S had the authorization and duty to interpenetrate out ocean to ocean. They achie ved this through sign language pacts, annexing and purchasing of land from Latin Americans. The Louisiana Purchase made in 1803 by Thomas Jefferson is a good illustration. He used $ 15 million on 800,000 square stat mis belongings which was about twice size of the U.S. Jefferson decided to look for adventurers to map and analyze wildlife. This occupation was given to Lewis and Clerk.American exceptionalism is an first step that America is fundamentally different from other states. This point of view has dominated American economic sciences, political relations and faith for many old ages. several(prenominal) early settlers proclaimed themselves to be an component of a exclusive venture with plentiful natural wealth, equity of society and faiths. It was non up to the rebellion that exceptionalism took on open political intensions. The oratory of the current democratic government was often connected with expansionist pressing. This aligned foreign policy which stood on the secure b elief that to spread out American democracy was reciprocally right and ineluctable.American exceptionalism changed as they enlargement took topographic point. United State and its citizen perceive that they hold the particular topographic point on Earth, by offering opportunity and outlook for world, ensuing from an exceeding sense of balance of public and private benefit governed by legalize rules that focused on single and economic autonomy. A high spot in the yesteryear of American Exceptionalism is the American rebellion. The ideas that shaped the American rebellion were consequential from a usage of republicanism that has been affected by the British mainstream. Thomas Paines general logic for the first point in clip articulated the strong belief that America was non an enlargement of Europe except a new district, a province of about illimitable prospective and opening that had over shined the Britain. These sentiments do the rational footing for the extremist perceptual expe rience of American exceptionalism and were strongly attached to republicanism, the perceptual experience that rule belonged to the citizens, non to a catching opinion category.Alexis de Tocqueville insisted the progress environment of democratic system in America, in difference that it infused each characteristic of society and traditions, at a minute ( 1830s ) when societal equality was non in tendency anyplace else.

Language barriers Essay

I agree with what you said that society expects much more from women as comp ared to men. peck grew up with the judgement that men should have this rough exterior, which means talking loudly, cursing, and not allowed to cry. It is okay for them to behave in unacceptable manners just because they are men. Women, on the early(a) hand, are expected to interpret delicately. Those who would act otherwise would be looked down upon. It is very unfortunate that you were taught such things regarding behaving in public because it meant being held back of your feelings, thoughts, and actions. plenty who think lowly of those who do not act or speak according to their preference are very shallow and only attract encroach with others because of their attitude. I think that not being direct with a stranger is acceptable. Although we want to be transparent to other people, we should still be reserved in the things that we say to protect ourselves. You are right in saying that this could cause m is accord because people may not be able to get your point. At times, it is hard to communicate with people that you do not know because of language barriers.This is especially hard when dealing with the opposite sex who might not take in things your way and may have the feedency to misinterpret what you are saying. You are also correct in saying that people should be more malleable in terms of following the rules of gender because not all scenarios are the same for everybody else. Also, people are not perfect and would be able to act according to the rules at all times. Men cry. Women curse and shout. It does not matter where they are or when they choose to do so because they should not be judged for their actions and decisions.People do not know what caused their actions and have no right in thinking lowly of them. Your experiences are similar to mine in that I am also a female and that I am expected the best behavior at all times just because of my gender. I also tend to becom e reserved when dealing with people I do not closely work with because I do not feel comfortable exuberant to share important information with them. I find having friends, specifically female friends, very comforting because they are able to empathize with me when I pauperism them to. They are also able to give their opinions without appearing biased or judgmental.We all grew up thinking the same things regarding how men and women should act and speak, especially in previous of every angiotensin-converting enzyme else. This is why it is hard for some to see behaviors that contradict what they have known growing up, which is why they too cannot be blamed. This is the reason why people need to be more open-minded when it comes to understanding others and even the opposite sex. Men and women communicate in different ways and people need to accept this fact. after(prenominal) accepting and adjusting to this reality, people should find ways on how to understand each other more effect ively.If it means talking more often or petition questions, then this should be done. On the other hand, people should also learn how to listen and explain what they feel and think better. Your self-reflection says that we should be more understanding and I believe that this is one key to a better communication. We should also make it a point to practice what we preach. If we think that people should be more understanding of others, we should start with ourselves and practice this thought. We should never base our opinions from one encounter with a person because we would not be able to see the real them with just one experience.

Influence of Fast Food on Children

You are what you eat, is a well known saying. Its message re all in ally means that if you eat bouncing foods, you are most in all likelihood to be healthy. The good and healthy foods which include fresh fruits, green vegetables, fibre rich grains, pulses etc are considered old fashioned. Kids and teenagers today are opting for a greasy burger and a bag of fries, with a soda included to complete the meal. It is the age of fast-food. Eating fast-food means instant gratification. And eating fast-food much of the time screwing seriously vilify the health of anybody, especially growing children and teenagers.Everywhere they are lamenting that obesity is on the rise, especially amongst children. Blame it on salt or sugar. Call it the fast-food disaster, exactly a meal at a fast-food restaurant could expose a child to unnaturally high levels of salt. The daily recommended dosage of salt is no more(prenominal) than 6gm per day for an adult and 3gm per day for a child. Studies have sho wn that Fast-Food meals can easily contain four times that amount of salt for a child. Moreover, these fast-food meals are exceedingly high in calories. Eat a small amount and you will be packing on the pounds rapidly.Besides, an excess of salt in the body can send childrens blood pressure soaring, thereby putting them at the risk of both stroke and heart disease. The consequences of bad eating are many. From fell problems to obesity, poor digestion, an inability to think clearly, a general lack of energy, constant mood swings and blood sugar inconsistencies. The excess sugar in the fast foods leads to diabetes in children. I have a personal experience related to this. One of my classmates in IV std had bad eating habits. His lunch box was almost ever so packed with burgers, fried chicken or French fries.Added to this he was always seen drinking colas. Due to this he was overweight and physically inactive. Unfortunately, during the same year he was diagnosed as diabetic. Doctors placed all the diet restrictions for him and medications to take for the remaining life. It was a sad thing to happen at such a young age. My advice to all of the young friends, please cultivate a habit to consume Good Food which includes fresh fruits, green vegetables, milk, fibre rich grains, pulses, fish etc to be healthy and fit. Thank You

Professor Tocker

Shop This project has to do with p sift elasticity, which is a vizor used in economics to show the responsiveness of the measuring wanted of a good or improvement, in regards to the quantity affected for a good or service to a change in its price. It will also give the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a change in price. (wow. coursesmart. com/97812568314/page 551). A measure of the relationship between the change in quantity demanded of a particular good and a change in its rice relates to prices sensitivity.If a small change in price is accompanied by a change of quantity demanded, the reaping will be elastic. A product that is inelastic is when a large change in price is accompanied by a small change in the quantity demanded. Elasticity is in the buff to change in price, the degree to which demand for a good or service, in this case the flowers I am selling, varies with its price. It has to do with sales, when sales increase with a drop in price and decr eases with the rise in price.Things like appliances, cars, and other non-essential, or luxury items, show elasticity of demand, it is because they are not essential items such as medical supplies, food, or etc. (www. businessdictionary. com/definition/ elasticityofdemand. html) Inelastic demand is when a demand for a product doesnt increase or decrease with a fall or rise in its price an increase in price would increase the tax revenue regardless of a fall in the quantity demanded. Inelastic examples would be groceries, gasoline, etc. things that are necessities.The ercentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price. It is also unresponsive to changes like demand, when it waterfall to increase in proportion to a decrease in price. (Tocker, R. (November 26, 2013) Econ 212 2 203 3 chat 4. Retrieved from Colorado Technical University Virtual Campus. ECON212 13048-02 Principles ot Microeconomics nttps//campus. ctuonline. edu) The price of a laptop increa ses by 20% and there is a 40% drop in quantity demanded of the laptop. Then formula would be Formula = Percent of change in step demanded of LaptopPercentage of change in Price of Laptop Quantity Demand 40% = 4 = 2 Price Increased 20% 2 Since the result is great than 1, the demand for the laptops is elastic, and the effect on total revenue of an increase in price which will mean that the total revenue will fall. Inelastic demand is Just the opposite of elastic demand, because consumers will buy it regardless of price. Formula = Percentage of quantity Demanded of Cigarettes Percentage of price increase of Cigarettes Demanded The price of cigarettes increased by 10%, and there is a 5% drop in the quantity emanded. Quantity Demanded 5% Price Increased 0. 10 Since the result is less than 1, the demand for cigarettes is inelastic and the effect on total revenue on a decrease in price, which will mean that revenue rises, then total revenue will be unchanged. (wrww. economicsrevealed. co . uk) I think bridge tolls are inelastic, heap will pay them regardless of price it helps to maintain roads and reduce concern congestion this is something people will Just add to their daily expenses for getting to and from work. As far as beachfront property is oncerned, I think many people would love to own beachfront property however, it is not a necessity this would be a luxury, which is elastic.Gourmet coffee and cell phones could be both either elastic or inelastic, depending on if you believe it is a necessity or a luxury. My personal opinion is that it is a necessity, but the applications and downloads that are available to you are a luxury, an added cavort is something your do not need. I could not imagine being without my cell phone, but I dont want to pay for all the extra apps that are available. I honestly believe that gasoline is inelastic because you need it to travel, getting back and forth to work, etc.Regardless of what price the gas may be we will pay it in or der to get to our destination. Owning and running a floral shop, I have to look at the supply and demand. While Valentines Day is when roses are in spicy demand, but supply is low however, you also have a higher demand in flowers during Christmas and Hanukkah, Mothers Day, Easter, and Memorial Day. The best time for me to raise prices would be in February, ecause of the high demand again in May to deal with the demand for Mothers Day, Memorial Day and weddings throughout the summer months.

Competency Goal Functional Areas Essay

To establish and maintain a safe, salutary conditioning purlieu. I keep children wellnessy by monitoring their health daily. I ask if they have any boo boos and if so how they got them and I put them on a daily health list, I also do this by cargonfully observing children, watching for signs of illness, making sure immunizations are up to date. I also keep children level-headed by keeping the room clean. Children are informed and able to make unplayful decisions on how to stay healthy like washing pass on aft(prenominal) going to the bathroom, blowing their nose or coughing into their hands, when we come in from outside and before after lunch.I also keep children safe by creating and environment where children gain the knowledge that allows then to make appropriate choices. I make sure activities are safe and developmentally appropriate. The children are encouraging to make good choices by having discussions, giving lessons, and reading books that talk about safety issues I tr y to create a fun and safe environment where children can learn and grow. I submit and age appropriate environment for the children.I do this by preparing a weekly lesson plan, providing activities for children of all developmental levels. I have activities that are for inside the classrooms which are for gross travel skills such as bean bags, musical instruments, dance music, and all sizes of blocks. I also have fine motor activities, such as large and small beads to string, Legos, locking flowers, stencils, scissors, crayon and markers. I also allow time for the children to practice writing skills like their name calling and letters also to draw beautiful pictures.Competency Goal 1 Functional Area 1 Safe In articulate to help provide an environment which is safe for the children in my care, I do the attach toing to prevent and reduce injuries I keep all cleaning supplies and chemicals locked up and out of the childrens reach, to avoid poisoning or different injuries. I am als o certified in First Aid and CPR which give me the knowledge to cargo deck any injuries or accidents. I am familiar with the classroom and center emergency evacuation procedures in case of a fire or other emergency.I maintain an easily accessible and current list of emergency numbers and also all the parent numbers. I inspect all toys and equipment, oft throughout the day to ensure that they are safe for use. I teach safe use of playground equipment.Functional Area 2 Healthy In order to provide and environment that promotes health, and prevents illness and which teaches children about good nutrition and practices that promotes wellness, I do the following I keep the toys and the rooms clean. I wash my hands and wear gloves before and after handling food.I wear gloves if and when children need help when going to the bathroom, cleaning their noses in order not spread germs. I also teach the children how to wash their hands after using the bathroom, wiping their nose, coming in from outside, while letting them know how important, it is to washing their hands. I also follow centers policies for sick children to prevent other illnesses from spreading throughout the center. I also read books about health care and talk about going to the recompense and Dentist. I also share the importance of healthy foods like fruits and vegetables.

Absorbance of light by a transition metal complex investigation Essay

IntroductionCommonly known as musical passage surfaces, d block elements have partially filled d sublevels in one(a) or more of their oxidation states. It is in the first row of transition elements that the 3d sub-level is incomplete. These d block elements show certain characteristic properties such as multiple oxidation states, ability to form complex ions, coloured compounds and good catalytic properties. In terms of variable oxidation states, d block elements usually have a +2 oxidation number which corresponds to the loss of the two 4s electrons (as it is easier to lose the 4s electrons than the 3d electrons). Transition metals can have variable oxidation states because the ionization energies allow for up to two 3d electrons to be lost.Because transition metals are relatively small in size, the transition metal ions attract species that are generous in electrons ligands (neutral molecules or negative ions that contain non-bonding pair of electrons which when covalently bonded with and form complex ions. Because the d orbitals usually split up into two groups (high and low) in transition metal complex ions, the energy required to promote a d electron into the higher(prenominal) split level corresponds with a particular wave space in the visible region, which is engrossed when light passes through the complex ion. Transition metal usually then exhibits the remaining energy/light the complementary colour.In this investigation, the different absorbance of these coloured solutions exit be investigated by varying the number of moles of the transition metal in the solution. According to the Beer-Lambert law, absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration and that there is a logarithmic dependence between the absorbance and the concentration of the substance, this relationship is as shown in figure 1 and 2.In the graph representation of the Beer-Lambert law, the logarithmic relationship can evidently be seen as the concentration of the solu tion increases, the calibration carousal becomes less additive and more flat. This is probably due to the saturation of colour of the solution. In addition, the graph as well as indicates that the relationship starts at the origin and is generally stringar at lower concentrations.In this investigation, Nickel (II) Sulphate will be used as the transition metal and H2O will be used as the ligand. The complex ion formed will therefore be a hexaaqua plate(II) complex ion, Ni (H2O) 6 2+. It has a coordination number of 6 and is of an octahedral shape. (Microsoft Encarta, 2007)AimTo investigate how the concentration of hexaaquanickel note(II) ions (Ni (H2O) 6 2+) in solution affects the absorbance of red light (660nm) by amount it with a colorimeter.HypothesisAs the concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions increases, the absorbance of red light1 will also increase. This is so because as stated in the Beer-Lambert law, the absorbance of light is directly proportional to the concentra tion. Furthermore, as the concentration increases, there are more molecules of the complex ions within the solution to interact with the light that is being transmitted hence an increased absorbance at higher concentrations. In addition, despite the logarithmic relationship, I expect my data to show a unidimensional relationship instead because the number of moles I am cadence red absorbance against is rather low (maximum 0.5 moles), so while it would be insufficient to see the tripping logarithmic curve the linear increase in the set-back would still be evident.VariablesIndependent Concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions (0.0313mol, 0.0625mol, 0.125mol, 0.250mol, 0.500mol)Dependent Absorbency of red light (660nm)Controlled Volume of solution (25cm per different mol solution)EquipmentMethod1) pecker 6.57g of nickel sulfate with an electronic balance and place in a 250cm beaker2) Measure 50cm of deionised water with 50cm measuring cylinder and pour into the 250cm beaker wit h the nickel sulphate to create a 0.5mol nickel sulphate solution3) Mix the solution thoroughly with a glass stirring rod, make sure the solution is transparent (not murky) and no remnants of the nickel sulphate should be present in the solution4) Label the five 50cm volumetrical flasks 0.03125mol, 0.0625mol, 0.125mol, 0.25mol and 0.5mol5) Pipette 25cm of the previously made nickel sulphate solution from the 250cm beaker and place into volumetric flask labeled 0.5mol6) Pipette another 25cm from the beaker and place into volumetric flask labeled 0.25mol7) Measure and pipette 25cm of deionised water and add into 0.25mol8) Mix thoroughly9) Measure and pipette 25cm from 0.25mol and add into 0.125mol10) resort steps 7 to 8 but add the water into 0.125mol11) Measure and pipette 25cm from 0.125mol and add into 0.0625mol12) Repeat step 10 but add into the water 0.0625mol13) Measure and pipette 25cm from 0.0625mol and add into 0.0313 mol14) Repeat step 10 but add into the water0.0313mol15) Connect the PASPORT colorimeter to the computer16) Select to measure red (660nm) absorbance17) After all five solutions have been made, label five cuvettes the equal labels as the volumetric flasks (place on lid, sleepless not to have any of the label on the cuvette itself)18) deal each labeled cuvette with its corresponding volumetric flask label with a dropper19) Fill the remaining unlabeled cuvette with water20) Place the cuvette with water into the colorimeter and press green button to calibrate, do not do anything until the green light switches finish off by itself21) Place the cuvette labeled 0.03125mol into the colorimeter press start and stop after getting a constant reading22) Record the data23) Repeat steps 21-22 until all labeled cuvettes have been measured for red absorbanceData TableConcentration / mol dm-Red light (660nm) absorbanceUncertaintiesUncertainties (cm3)Measuring cylinder1.0cm myeline pipette0.06 cmElectronic weigh0.01gConcentration (mol/dm)UncertaintyG raphsDiscussion and ConclusionIt can be seen from the graph that there is a linear relationship between the amount of red light absorbed and the concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions. It can also be deduced that as the concentration increases, the red light preoccupancy increases at twice the rate. However, it is interesting to note that the line of best fit does not start at the origin, but at (0, 0.0623) as the equation derived from the line of best fit states, suggesting that despite showing a clear linear trend, my data is precise but not accurate. This is possibly due to equipment imperfection, for example the cuvette, which will be discussed in the evaluation.However, it is still evident that, as stated in my hypothesis, as the concentration increases, the chances of light interacting with the complex ion molecules also increase, hence yielding a higher light (red, in this case) absorption. While it is true that the Beer-Lambert law states the relationship between concentra tion of a substance and its absorbency has a logarithmic relationship, my data is linear because the concentrations of my tested solutions were rather low, so if I were to continue my experiment and create more concentrated nickel sulphate solutions, I would expect to see the curve become non-linear as concentration increases because the solution will eventually become saturated. Therefore, in conclusion, my hypothesis corresponds with the results the relationship between red absorbance and concentration of hexaaquanickel(II) ions is quite clear as the concentration increases, the red absorbance also increases.EvaluationOne aspect I can improve my method is using the same cuvette and in the same direction each time for measuring all the different solutions, as it has been noted that the cuvettes we have been currently using are not perfectly constructed and whitethorn differ with the distance as light passes through. This will help improve the accuracy of the results and an importa nt aspect to take into consideration, because also stated in the Beer-Lambert law, the length in which the light passes through also makes a difference in the absorption of light (the longer the container is, the more chances of light interacting with the molecules of the solution).Another aspect was in the preparing the different solutions, because I had diluted each solution using the same solutions from before, so the question of each would naturally continuously build up (final uncertainty of 4.31%) for example, if I had accidentally created a 0.052 mol nickel sulphate solution, then the next solution I diluted from that solution would not be 0.025 mol as intended. One way to see through this limitation is to perhaps prepare each solution separately to avoid a build up of uncertainties.In addition, another way to make this investigation more conclusive and detailed could be increasing the different amounts of concentration of the nickel sulphate solution, as I only had 5 diffe rent concentrations.BibliographyClark, J. (2007). The Beer-Lambert law. In Absorption spectra. Retrieved January 15, 2008, fromhttp//www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/uvvisible/beerlambert.htmlMicrosoft(r) Encarta(r) Online Encyclopedia. (2007). Complex. Retrieved January 17, 2008, fromhttp//au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781538720/Complex.htmlNeuss, G. (2007). Determining the concentration of an element. In Chemistry course companion (p.276). Oxford University Press.1 Because nickel sulphate solution is green in colour, red light will be used to measure the absorbency of the solution as it is the complementary colour.

Discourses in Childhood Essay

What is a conference? Describe devil competing discourses of pincerishness and suggest the ways that they can begin an impact on childrens lives.The concept of discourse is the key to understanding a brotherly constructionist approach to childhood. A discourse is an independent set of interrelated ideas held by a particular ideology or worldview. The social constructionist approach tries to describe the diametric ways in which knowledge of children and childhoods ar constructed.Different discourses of childhood have different ideas of childhood which has different implications on the way in which children be treated. Within the social constructionist theory there are 3 main discourses quixotic, puritan and tabula rasa. This adjudicate provide look at 2 of those discourses, which directly compete with each other the Romantic and Puritan, and suggest ways in which they impact childrens lives.The romanticist discourse of childhood suggests children are naturally good. InRo usseaus (1979) view childhood and innocence go hand in hand children are born processed and innocent. He believed children ought to be given freedom to be who they are, that their childhood should be railway carefree, and that their innocence should be protected. Rousseau believed children only learn evil and misbehave because they have been ill-treat or corrupted in some way.This is contrary to the Puritan discourse, which believes children are born wicked, are amoral, without conscience, and if left to their own devices go out resort to savagery. According to Hobbes (1588-1679), who supports this discourse, children should be controlled and discip rund by self-aggrandizings even if it causes the child unhappiness, short-term pain or distress. Unlike the previous discourse, the Puritan discourse sees children as universe responsible for their actions.These discourses of childhood are seen constructed in the media. The Peugeot television advert (Video 1 draw 3, page nos 239 256)gives an example of a man driving a car fanaticising about being a hero andsaving the little girl pictured from being run over. The advert tries to construct the contrive thatthe Peugeot is the type of car that will appeal to a hero and one who is a protector. The advert is constructed in such a way to encourage the viewer to form an image of an innocent, endangered child and to treat children as people needing protection. (the man is the hero protecting the child from danger). It is obvious that this advert reflects the Romantic discourse.One further advert constructed almost the romantic discourse is the Evian water advert (Video 1 Band 3, video page nos 256 257 & 266 268) featuring babies swimming in water. From this the viewer is meant to construct an image of the baby as being pure, and unspoiled. This advert is designed to encourage the viewer to think of pure Evian water and a pure baby, suggesting that babies are innocent because they are pure.As already said the r omantic and puritan discourses are directly competing.The Puritan discourse can be seen through the following 2 demand clips. Thefirst is from the film Leon (Video 1 Band 3, video page nos 271 297) which is a story of the friendship between Leon, a professional assassin and Mathilda who is a vernal girl whos parents and young brother have been killed and who asks Leon to teach her to kill so that she can avenge her familys conclusion. The film has constructed an image of Mathilda as an unruly, sinful, and wicked child which is how the puritan discourse describes children.Leon shows that childhood in this case is not a duration of innocence and that bad things, like violence and death are witnessed and caused by children. It shows a child as Mathilda is obviously still a child who has not had her childhoodprotected.The final film clip (Video 1 Band 3 p 333-339) is that of American Beauty portraying a young girl named Angela who is a friend of Lesters daughters. Angela is dep icted in a way that makes the viewer think she is cozylymature and like Mathilda in the previous clip knowing and not innocent.This challenges the viewers ideas of childhood being a time of sexual innocence as here is a young girl oozing sexuality, definitely not innocence but as a child lacking in morals, mirroring the puritan view of childhood.However in a scene where Lester thinks his fantasy of Angela is about to come true, Angela reveals that she innocent in her knowledge of sexual matters, reminding viewers that she is still a child in need of protection. This film clip began as depicting an amoral, sinful, knowing young girl in account with the puritan discourse and ends by depicting children as people in need of protection and who are innocent, and as childhood as a time which adults should be protecting the child from anything that will shatter the childs innocence. In a sense, the end of the clip depicts the adults job as to be the hero, saving the child from evil muc h the same as the man in the Peugeot advert mentioned earlier.These discourses affect our views of children which in turn affects how children are vox populi of and hence treated. In adopting a Romantic view, you will see children as innocence which in the 2 media clips, was associatedwith vulnerability and purity. According to Rousseau, children should be protected from the adult world, and everything should be done to make their childhood a happy carefree time. As already seen though through the 2 film clips, the Puritan discourse treats children as being unruly and in need of control. They are treated as being responsible for their actions and therefore they should be punished when they do wrong.Having shown how romantic and puritan discourses can be seen in contemporary childhood through the use of the media, I will move on to look at a true life example that of the murder of 3-year old James Bulger in1993. This little boy was badly beaten and left on a railway line after bei ng abducted from his mum whilst on a shopping trip. His killers were two 10-year old boys. (Asquith 1996)To adopt the romantic discourse of childhood in dealing with the those two boys who killed James Bulger would be to suggest you believed the boys to be naturally good but corrupted by adults and therefore should be forgiven and given rehabilitation not punishment.On the other hand, to agree withthe competing discourse that of the puritan discoursethen you would seethose boys as being inherently evil and responsible for their own actions and therefore deserving punishment. therefrom it is clear that whichever discourse of childhood is chosen in dealing with children, it has implications on the way in which children are treated.So far this essay has looked at the social constructionist approach to childhood, but will now consider another approach the applied. Whenstudying childhood from an applied approach, the main interests are the effect which practical issues like the child rens upbringing and development will have on the childrens lives. Within this approach there are 2 models ofhow the law can deal with young offenders, like the boys in the James Bulger case. According to Asquith 1996 there are two models within the appliedapproach that give different opinions on how to deal with young offenders. These are connect to the discourses already mentioned within the social constructionist approach.The welfare model uses social and individual factors in explaining why children do wrong it is because they have been mistreated or strip in some way. This mirrors the Romantic discourse in the sense that both see children as being innocent and blame other factors for childrens wrongdoings. It believes, therefore that children do not deserve to be punished but ought to be shown forgiveness and deserve to be cared for in order to overcome any disadvantages they have faced. In following this model, children should not be dealt with in a court of law but by means of rehabilitation and by considering what would be exceed for the child.The justice model is in contrast to the welfare model and sees child offenders as being responsible for what theyve done and deservepunishment and dealt with in a court of wicked law. The justicemodel mirrors the puritan discourse, as they hold similar beliefs thatchildren are nesciently evil and ought to be held responsible for their own actions and deserve to be punished accordingly.This essay has looked at 2 competing discourses of childhood the romantic and the puritan. They are competing in the way that they view children andchildhood which in turn has a direct implication for the way that children are treated. Within the Romantic discourse, children are constructed as being pure, innocent and their childhood should be protected and kept carefree. This discourse competes with the puritan discourse which sees children as being innately wicked, unruly and lacking in moralsIt stands to reason therefore th at these competing discourses have different implications for the way children are treated. In adopting a romantic discourse children will be forgiven for wrongs, protected from evil and offered rehabilitation when they do offend whereas in adopting a puritan discourse children who are naughty do so because of their innate evilness and deserve to be punished.REFERENCESBook 1 Understanding Childhood,Chapter 1Block 1 Study Guide and Audio-Visual Notes, Unit 1Video 1 Band 3 Representations of Childhood

Madcap CraftBrew and Bottleworks Company Case Analysis

As this lineament study begins, Madcap Craftbrew & Bottleworks, Inc. finds itself at the crossroads of having to make critical strategic marketing and promotional decisions regarding its Zebra beer brand. In this paper, the situation will be evaluated in-depth, and tends of action will be chosen based on the synopsis of the available dataProblem StatementThe problem facing Madcap at the present term is the fact that despite positive consumer feedback and strong results in test markets, the Zebra brand is not as productive as it could/should be in order to generate sufficient revenues (Rosenthal & Twells, 1999).Primary Critical IssuesMadcap has to bring off with several primary critical issues, some of which be inherent in the craft brewing industry, as well as some that are unique to Madcap itself. In summary, these issues are as follows (Rosenthal & Twells, 1999) Microbrew drinkers are typically not brand loyal, making the development of a strong core market effortfulOnly a small percentage of beer drinkers are microbrew drinkersBeverage distributers usually do not handle to stock large quantities of craft/microbrews in their retail locations, which results in less product available for sale, which keeps vividness sales lowThe Zebra brand is not widely recognized, nor does a large marketing budget liveCurrent packaging characteristics (the painted bottle, imported from Mexico) have been causing production delays and prompting concerns from retailers who place a higher value on beers with paper labels on the bottlesZebra is priced lower than competitors such as Sam Adams, placing it in a lower perceived value category than competitors brewsEvaluation of AlternativesGiven the challenges posed by the microbrew industry itself, as well as the practical options available to Madcap, the following alternatives, and the viability of each, are as followsEmploy the unexampled marketing strategy that has been successful in Bloomington test marketing efforts , which includes lower product pricing, more distributor incentives, and more advertising expendituresContinue with the current positioning and marketing strategyProposed Course of ActionThe course of action that Madcap should take in this situation, from a strictly strategic point of view, is the employment of the Bloomington plan, with the excommunication of price adjustments. This choice was made for several key reasons first, the unconventional and volatile nature of the microbrew industry demands transport thinking and creative marketing second, price point should be evaluated to avoid pricing the product in such a way as to lower its perceived value in the eye of the consumer. These strategies fight back the potential to achieve the desired goals of Madcap in the short and long term.References(Rosenthal & Twells, 1999) (Rosenthal D W Twells R W 1999 Madcap Braftbrew & Bottleworks Inc Zebra Beer-Its Not All Black and White)Rosenthal, D. W., & Twells, R. W. (1999). Madcap Cra ftbrew & Bottleworks Inc Zebra Beer-Its Not All Black and White. Richard T. granger School of Business Administration, North American Case Research Association.

Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth of India

IMPACT OF societal NETWORKING SITES(SNS) ON THE YOUTH OF INDIA A BIRDS EYE VIEW. Ruchi Sachdev College of Management Studies Kanpur (UP) India Abstract-This paper is foc utilize to prevail out the answer whether the kindly networking sites argon boon or bane for todays society. No doubt these SNS give ups employment ,marketing ,personal growth , manduction of information but the most prevalent danger through lots involves online predators or individuals. These SNS has great contact on call(a)owness of India. One mass easily see the creation gate of these friendly networking sites but it is unable to find exit for these SNS.One side these sites provide to communicate with our affectionately ones on the different side it creates platform for many cyber crimes. Everyone should be understood that The SNS is a child of computation by computing but for the society . So we foc employ on the fact that how SNS are implementing and use in an effective manner that is also benefici al for Indian society and what are the role of Indian new person . In this paper we focused on the positive as well as disallowly charged rival of these complaisant networking sites on the Indian spring chicken and what are the honorable responsibilities of the users of these sites.Keywords-IEEE standards ,internet,WI-FI, elecommunication, , online ownership, online credibility. SNS(Social networking sites) are connected, two in their leisure condemnation, and at work. There are s invariablyal(a) factors which set out prompted us to count on the implications of these technologies for policy-making. One of these is the willingness of users to take on SNS as a means of communication and social networking in everyday feel. The increasing dependence on technology for basic communication also highlights the importance of analyzing how SNS are affecting daily processes.Sites like typesetters case book, Friend ster and LinkedIn are influencing the way users establish, maint ain and cultivate a range of social relationships, from close friendships to insouciant acquaintances. II CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES The basic characteristics of social networking sites gage be explained with the help of following table-1 FEATURES Presentation of oneself definition The basic level of entry in most SNS is the setting up of a profile a individualise rogue developed by the user in which he/she presents him/herself to peers, through text, photos music and videos amongst others Functionalities.SNS allow users to mobilize and organize their social contacts and profiles in the way they want other members to see them. I INTRODUCTTON Social networking phenomenon has emerged over the past ten years. In that time, social networking sites (SNS) have grown from a recession to a wad online activity, in which tens of millions of internet users are engaged, both in their leisure time, and at work. However, in that respect has been very lowly seek on the so cio-economic impact of these sites in the Indian context. In this paper we focused on the impact of these social networking sites on the youth of India in both positive as well as nix phase.Social networking is a phenomenon which has existed since society began. Human beings have always sought to live in social environments. The proliferation of social networking sites (SNS) and their pervasion in everyday practices is affecting how modern Indian youth societies fare their social networks. To a noteworthy extent, SNS have shifted social networking to the Internet. In less than five years, these sites have grown from a niche online activity into a phenomenon through which tens of millions of internet users Externalization of dataThe externalization of networks is possibly one of the first propagation online users have been able to view their own online social networks, and grapple them with friends and the general public. Some SNS also accompaniment applications which allow use rs to describe the relation between themselves and other members. Though notions of virtual communities have existed since the beginning of online applications, SNS deem naked as a jaybird ways for nation to connect between themselves. Users of these sites whitethorn choose to communicate through various digital objects, such(prenominal) as tags and in-built applications within the SNS, such as the visual shelf application in Facebook.Users whitethorn join a biotic community of book readers, connecting through books they have liked 4. New ways for community formation Bottom-up activities SNS provide the ideal platforms through which users with similar values and interests can come unitedly to collaborate effectively and cheaply. For instance, doctors can share and double check rare medical cases on health SNS such as Within3, or activists can organize a protest through sites like Care2 5. A major attribute of SNS popularity is their simplicity.Anyone with basic internet skills can create and manage an online SNS presence. Prior to SNS, users gained an online presence by having a personal homepage 6. The drawbacks were that these homepages are not easy to create and development and hosting of the site often amaze costs. In contrast, SNS are free of charge and open for anyone to join. Most of them require registration, while others limit social status through an invitation from members who are already members of the site. SNS support wise points of entry to the internet flocks personal worlds.Until recently, people radius of the internet in metaphors of places (cities, addresses, and homepages). Ease of use Figure 1 Graph 12 (a) forbid move of SNS on Youth of India Reorganization of Internet geography Table 15 Taking all these characteristics together, we can observe significant changes in how users network and operate their social contacts according to different social environments. In dissociateicular, SNS seem to be influencing and shaping the wa y we communicate between ourselves and how we manage our social contacts.In considering the disadvantages, respondents identified a number of negative aspects of online social networking including (i) the time-consuming nature of online social networking sites, Indian youth admitting that they waste a lot of time on these sites. (ii) Concern about access to personal information by others, with almost half of the youth worried that non friends? may see their personal information. (iii) Concern that information posted may be used against them. The waste timing percentage of Indian youth on SNS can be explained with the graph shown it take to 2. IIISOCIAL IMPACT OF SNS ON INDIAN YOUTH There has been significant interest and concern about the risks of online social networking because of access to personal information and the anonymity that the system allows. A number of public cases of bullying and personal identity theft have put this issue in the public arena. In the survey particip ants were asked whether they have ever had a bad social networking experience. A considerable number of respondents in a survey (28%) inform having had a negative online experience with adults aged below 30 the most likely to export this (60%).These participants were asked to provide further information about the negative experience. For most respondents the experience reflected unwanted contact or people posting in appropriate or upsetting information online. Some respondents specified having online bullying and provided examples such as abusive messages and harassment from whatsoeverone of the opposite sex. The number of users using SNS according to age aggroup can be explained with the help of the graph shown it figure 1. Figure 2 Graph 23 b) Other Negative Impacts Of Sns The negative effects of a bare-ass technology are never fully visible in the initial stages due the hype and excitement involved. However with time we observe the more time we occur online the more connecte d we get hence the urge to not miss out on anything this induces an nonvisual layer of stress and pressure on the individuals. The very fabric of our societies is now beginning to take a new shape. scientist has warned. Sites such as Face book, Twitter and Bebo are said to shorten attention spans, raise instant gratification and cast young people more self-centered. i) My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the land of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and b aright lights, which have a small attention pas de deux and who live for the moment. (ii) A 2010 Case Western Reserve School of Medicine study showed hyper-networking (more than three hours on social networks per day) and hyper texting (more than 120 text messages per day) correlated with unhealthy behaviors in teens, including drinking, smoking and sexual activity.Hyper-networking was also associated with depression, mall abuse, poor sleep patterns, suicide and poor academic p erformance 4. (iii) While the above studies show demonstrable correlations between social networking and negative consequences, others argue that many other negative consequences may exist that have not yet been studied. Some of the harmful effects people suggest social networking has that have not yet yielded conclusive study results include can also be positives. I guess there are no hard and fast rules when it comes to the effect social networks are having on us all in this day and age.It has never been easier to make friends than it is right now, mainly thanks to social networking sites. Just a few decades ago it was pretty tough to connect with people, unless you were the overly outgoing type able to make conversation with anyone at a party. The rise of mobile phones helped change this, connecting people in a new way, but then social networks sprang up and the all in all idea of friendship changed once more and forever. Its entirely possible to have hundreds of friends on Fac e book.They may not be friends you know on a personal level and spend time with in the real world on a weekly basis. But theyre friends nevertheless 7. There are several people I consider friends who I have never met indeed, I may never meet them but that doesnt lessen the connection we have thanks to social networks. Other major positive impacts are given as(d) prompt Communication Our time is being stretched thinner and thinner by work and family commitments, but social networking sites advise a chance to communicate in a speedy and efficient manner.Writing an update (i) Social networking websites are causing alarming changes in the brains of young users, an eminent (ii) Encouraging poor grammar, usage, and spelling Allowing the spread of misinformation that may be perceived as fact even in light of evidence to the contrary. Exposing children to online predators Creating a finishing in which a single mistake such as a racy picture or poorly thought-out comment can cause ir reparable harm to your reputation Decreasing productivity as workers habitually check social networking sites while they should be working. Providing information that increases the risk of identity theft. (c) Positive Impact of Social Networking Sites Social networking isnt for everyone, but its now such a massive part of all our lives, whether we embrace or reject the notion, that it can no longer be ignored. But are social networking sites such as Face book, Twitter, and Google+ a force for good or evil? As with most questions there are multiple angles to approach this quandary from.Having already looked at the negative impact of social networking sites on society, I thought it only fair to redress the balance. Every ying has its yang, after all. utilize the previous article as a loose template its clear to see that what some people would conceive as negatives for Twitter takes all of 20 seconds and with cross-posting over other social networks switched on, that update reaches e veryone you want it to reach (and probably more besides) in an instant5 . Social networking sites allow you to live a life unhindered by small talk. e) In Touch with the world It isnt just your inner lick of close friends and even closer family members that social networking sites allow you to communicate with easily and effectively, either. They open the world up to you, making it a smaller place than it has ever been before. So much so that I real havent a clue where many of my contacts reside. When it comes to social networks everyone is equal, regardless of location. Family brio abroad can be kept abreast of the latest happenings in your world as quickly as those living next door.Friends who you havent seen since school, and who have since moved away, are able to keep in touch. Location-based run such as Foursquare and Gowalla emphasize your location but social networking as a whole means it has become a lot less definitive. Social networking sites have made the world a sma ller place. (f) Building Relationships There is no doubting that social networking sites can lead to the breaking up of relationships. But there is another side to the tale, which is that people are moving onto other, perhaps better, relationships at the corresponding time.Social networks can put you (back) in touch with those you have lots in common with, and that common acres is often the starting point for longlasting relationships. (f) Promises of Ownership and Authorship Online. (g) Maintain Credibility. So the youth of Indian can play an important role to reduce the negative impact of social networking sites sucha that it can be used in the beneficial way. V CONCLUSION IV ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUTH USING SNS The new digital social networking media are a frontier that is rich with opportunities and risks, particularly for young people.Through SNS technologies, young people are participating in a range of activities, including social networking, blogging, vlogging, gaming , instant messaging, downloading music and other content, uploading and sharing their own creations, and collaborating with others in various ways. Five key issues are at stake in the new social networking media identity, privacy, ownership and authorship, credibility, and participation 8. These issues decide the social and ethical responsibilities of the youth that using the services of social networking sites. a) Every person that using the SNS should be aware about their rights and moral responsibilities. (b) We should respect the authentication and privacy of those members that are using SNS. (c ) We should follow the ethics of online identity. (d) Create culture of disclosure. (e) Online, a number of strategiesincluding privacy settings, discriminating disclosure, code switching, and deception are used by youth to control the presentation of their identities and thereby manage their privacy. Most social networking sites have privacy settings that allow users o limit access to their profiles to a designate interview of confirmed friends, and evidence suggests that many young people use them. (e) The online culture of disclosure holds important promises for young people, including empowerment of themselves and others, the creation of communities of support around shared struggles, and the development of a broad ethical sense of responsibility with respect to privacy. No doubt that SNS has great impact on the Indian youth it has lot of challenges which we have to face .There are many questions arise when we think about the impact of these SNS that What does it mean to manage online privacy in an ethical manner? How do online spaces facilitate and undermine ethical sentiment about privacy? How much personal information is reasonable to share online? Young people who share personal experiences online taking steps to protect their own and others identities, and are these steps sufficient? Is it reasonable for young people to expect a certain measure of priv acy when it comes to their online lives?Who is at fault when an unintended audience can read a young persons revealing blog or MySpace page? So we should focus on the ethical use of these SNS so that it serves our society in a right way and the youth can play an important role because SNS is a boob and curse both for the Indian society . In one hand it provides away to connect our dear ones on the other side it gives a platform that become danger for Indian heritage and culture. REFERENCES 1 Introduction to SNS technology, Retrieved on family 24, 2006 From www. wi-fitechnology. om 2 Consumer Reports (2010). Social insecurity What millions of online users dont know can hurt them. Retrieved from http//www. consumerreports. org/cro/magazinearchive/2010/june/elec tronics-computers/social-insecurity/overview/index. htm 3 Nie, N. H. & Hillygus, D. S. (2002). The impact of internet use on sociability Time-diary findings. IT & Society, 1, 1 20. 4 IEEE 802. 16 and WiMAX Social networking si tes Access for Everyone, Intel Corporation, 2003. http//www. intel. com/ebusiness/pdf/SNS/intel/80216_wimax. df 5 The Role of Technology in Telecom blowup in India, IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp 88-94, November, 1998. 6 Bender off, E. 2007. Cheating a Real Problem in youths Virtual World. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 1, 2008, from http//www. chicagotribun e. com/business/chi-0703080167mar08,0, 4256114story? cull=chi-bizfont-hed. 7 Of com. (2008). Social networking A quantitative and qualitative research report into attitudes, behaviors and use. Retrieved from http//stakeholders. ofcom. org. uk/binaries/research/medialiteracy/report1. pdf

My Reading Autobiography Essay

Reading has been an authoritative part in my life. I harbor al charges loved reading since reading entertains, educates and informs. Reading arouse novels such as fiction books has been part of the entertainment aspect of my reading history. I love the way stories are told in books and as I read, I often get overwhelmed and enter the scene organism explained in the story. At times I feel I am watching live scenes. This entertains me Books have educated me. Since I entered school, the most valuable friend I met in school was reading. Reading has been my superior companion in education and through reading I have amassed a great cumulation of knowledge.When I was young, I was introduced to reading sciences and arts. I found it hard to read especially pronouncing words in the required manner. With interest, I gained a strong interest in reading. Reading has now make me understand, critically analyze and find solutions to most life problems. Apart from educating me, reading taught me how to get information and be informed. I always felt it was a b separate being asked to read when I was first introduced to reading in school. My teachers could force me to keep repeating a word over and over if I made amiss(p) pronunciations. My parents were not any soft to me.Everybody wanted to see me reading correctly and sacrificed their time ensuring that I made correct pronunciations. In school, I even became an expert in reading and I could assist other pupils in reading The teachers who often pressed me to repeat the wrongly pronounced words became my best friends. Today, I encourage a reading culture among all people regardless they are students or not. I emphasize on the three roles of reading informing, entertaining and educating. These catchwords have deeply sunk into peoples memory and a majority of them have embraced reading as the most beneficial culture.

Wireless Fingerprinting Attendance

This project presents the design methodology of tuner fingerprint concern system for unclouded and time saving attendance. The project is used for the attendance of scholarly persons at Institution. Since the project is radio set it is portable. As the student impress their fingerprint against the scanner the fingerprint module will match all the points of the fingerprint with the enrolled entropybase.The entropy is maintained in the main PC. The wireless local area network present in the doll Pi b3 is used for the data transmission. This device use computer or a PC as the host device to warehousing and verify the fingerprints. Through this automatic system time and manpower is reduced to great extent.Keywords-wireless communication, fingerprint module, raspberry Pi b3, host device.Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional wire attendance system, a design method of wireless fingerprint attendance system based on inbuilt WIFI technology is proposed. The system includes la st-place fingerprint acquisition module and attendance management module in computer. It can realize mechanically such functions as information acquisition of fingerprint, processing, wireless transmission, fingerprint matching, and attendance management.However, the inclusion of integrated Bluetooth 4.1 and 802.11n WIFI will please many, as itll reduce the need to scour component sites for cheap USB dongles. The Wi-Fi is particularly right news, as it means youll no longer need to take up one of your precious USB ports with a Wi-Fi adaptor. The experiment results show the transmission time is saved over one third and transmission strength is improved greatly.It realized low-cost and high-performance wireless fingerprint attendance function, which provided a new wireless fingerprint attendance system for enterprises and institutions. In the proposed paper complete development and implementation of attendance management system is provided. Various modulus which constitutes differen t parts of the attendance management system are explained using their hardware requirement.SYSTEM DISCRIPTIONThe description of complete attendance management system is given below. The below two sections 2.1 and 2.2 tells us only about the hardware used in the system and the structure of the system. In the Section 2.2 the flow of the data that is shared with the database or the server in the attendance system is shown.2.1. System Hardwarea) Fingerprint module The GT-511C3 is a fingerprint module which consists of a fingerprint scanner. It is a small embedded module that consists of an optical demodulator mounted on a small circuit board. The optical sensor scans a fingerprint and the microcontroller and the software provides the modules functionality which automatically processes the scanned finger. The FPS consists of four pins as shown in fig(a). The pins are as follows Fig. a Fingerprint Module1-UART Transmit (3.3V)2-UART grow (3.3V)3-GND 4-Vin (5V)b) RASPBEERY PI B3-Fig. b razzing Pi b3c) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)-Fig. c LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)2.2. data flow in the systemThe system consists of two parts i.e. a) the hardware part and b) the software part. The hardware includes all the components listed above in the figure including the LED, switches etc. The data flow in the fingerprint management system is shown in fig. d .Fig. d Flow of dataThe Enrolment and Authentication is done using the fingerprint scanner present in the fingerprint module. This fingerprint module is connected to the Raspberry Pi interfacing pins also called as GPIO (General Purpose stimulant Output) pins.The fingerprint module works in majorly two dashs Master Mode- In this mode every student will be getting registered as a new user and that data will be stored in the ROM present in the fingerprint module with a unique id.User Mode- In this mode we will be verifying the scanned images with the stored images. During this verification if the match is available than th e data is further send to the Raspberry Pi and through it is stored in the database.The flow of the project is as shown belowFig .e Flow of project.

Social Problems

What is a favorable worry? A hearty trouble is a condition that at least few lot in a community view as being hateful. Everyone would agree ab surface just about kind problems, such as murders and DWI craft oddments. Other social problems may be viewed as such by legitimate pigeonholings of people. Teenagers who play loud music in a public park obviously do non view it as a problem, but some other people may consider it an undesirable social condition. some nonsmokers view smoking as an undesirable social condition that should be prohibited or restricted in public buildings.Every newspaper is filled with stories rough undesirable social conditions. Examples include crime, violence, drug subvert, and environmental problems. much(prenominal) social problems can be lay down at the local anaesthetic, receivedm, internal and inter subject levels. You will be focusing in the Public Policy Analyst on social problems in your own community. Specific community location s Your own community consists of your school and your school district your village, townsfolk or city your county. The quartette examples of social problems above could possibly exist in all of these communities.For example, on that point could be a problem of increased stealing within your school or throughout the school district. Likewise, local police agenciesvillage, town, city and countymaintain statistics on crimes such as thefts within their jurisdiction. When you describe the social problem in step 1, you must specify the geographical setting. both(prenominal) examples include Lehman postgraduate School, the Bronx High School District, the Bronx, New York City, or New York State. As mentioned before, PPA will be use alone for local and state social problems. neighborly bothers of the Philippines Includes OWADAYS, PHILIPPINES HAVE LOTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. SOME OF THESE ARE THE FF. -UNEMPLOYMENT -POVERTY P overty is the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. 1 Absolute indigence or pauperism refers to the one who lacks basic human consumes, which comm plainly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health c ar, education, clothing and shelter. About 1. 7 one trillion meg people are estimated to live in absolute destitution today.Relative poverty refers to absentminded a usual or socially acceptable level of resources or in fall as compared with others within a society or unsophisticated. 1 For most of history poverty had been mostly accepted as inevitable as traditional modes of harvest-festivalion were insufficient to bring back an entire exis decennaryce a comfortable standard of living. 12 subsequently the industrial revolution, mass production in positionories make wealth increasely more than inexpensive and accessible. Of more importance is the modernization of agriculture, such as fertilizers, in order to provide enough yield to ladder the population. 3 The supply of basic wishs can be restricted by constraints on administration run such as misdirection, debt and loan conditionalities and by the brain drain of health care and educational professionals. Strategies of increasing income to make basic needs more affordable typically include welfare, accommodating business regulations and providing monetary run. Today, poverty reduction is a study goal and issue for m both international organizations such as the United Nations and the World coin bank. -POLLUTION -STREET CHILDREN ILLITERACY Some of the cardinalder Issues which is a part of Social Problems in the Philippines are alling Income The Philippine GDP per capita shrank to US$990 in 2000 from US$1,129 in 1997 speckle the GNP per capita contracted to US$1,033 from US$1,197. This was a result of the Asian financial crisis, which caught up with the Philippines in 1998. After expanding 5. 2 pct in 1997, the domains GDP backpedaled by 0. 5 part in 1998. It grew by however 3. 4 part in 1999 and 4 per centum in 2000. With a high population growth rate of 2. share per annum, economic growth in 1999 and 2000 did little to improve the real per capita income of Philippines. Peso Drops 14 Times vs. US Dollar gibe to Senator Ralph Recto, the countrys per capita income has barely grown in the past 21 yrs. He tell that the per capita income of P12,913 in 2001 is single P318 higher than P12,595 in 1980. In todays pesos, the P318 increase in 21 geezerhood amounts to nothing at all. he verbalise. Senator Recto in resembling manner renowned that the value of the peso has depreciated by as much as 1,373 pct against the dollar since 1960. The abject and the RichIn its 2000 survey of family income and expenditure, the NSO give tongue to that the average income of the populations 10th decile, re limning the richest 10 per centum of the Philippines, was 14 times higher than the average earnings of the first decile, representing the misfortunateest 10 portionage. Each de cile was representing intimately 8 zillion Filipinos. Poverty Thresh middle-aged P13,916 piece of music the per capita income declined mingled with 1997 and 2000, prices of consumer goods and run increased by to the highest degree 20 per centum during the ternary- category period or over hexad part yearly. The interior(a) StatisticalCoordination senesce (NSCB) was forced to raise by 23 shareageage the national per capita poverty thres gift to P13,916 in 2000 from P11,319 in 1997. nonequivalent Regional Development The Asian Development desire (ADB) chronicleed that thermionic vacuum tube capital of the Philippiness per capita gross regional home(prenominal) product (GRDP) in 2000 was more than twice that of the national average and more than five times that of Bicol region. info from the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) showed that 11 of the countrys 16 regions had a poverty incidence of over 30 per centum as of 2000. The five other regions wi th disgrace poverty levels are all located in Luzon.The NSCB displace the poverty incidence in the country (the proportion of families with per capita incomes below the poverty threshold) at 28. 4 percent in 2000, up from 28. 1 percent in 1997. In terms of population, poverty incidence was estimated at 34 percent in 2000, also up from 33 percent in 1997. The NSCB entropy showed that in 2000, the National Capital Region or thermionic tube Manila had the lowest poverty incidence of 5. 7 percent among families. It was followed by four other regions in Luzon, with Region 3 (commutation Luzon) registering a poverty incidence of 17 percent Region 4 (Southern Tagalog), 20. percent Region 2 (Cagayan Valley), 24. 8 percent and Region 1 (Ilocos), 29. 6 percent. Two regions in Luzon Region 5 (Bicol), the southernmost region in Luzon, and the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) had a poverty incidence of over 30 percent. About 49 percent of families in Bicol were suffering from poverty while 31. 1 percent of families in CAR were also in the same category. All regions in the Visayas had over 30 percent of poverty incidence. Region 6 (Western Visayas) had a poverty incidence of 37. 8 percent Region 7 (Central Visayas), 32. percent and Region 8 (Western Visayas), 37. 8 percent. All regions in Mindanao also had over 30 percent of poverty incidence. Region 9 (Western Mindanao) had a poverty incidence of 38. 3 percent Region 10 (Northern Mindanao), 32. 9 percent Region 11 (Southern Mindanao), 31. 5 percent Region 12 (Central Mindanao), 48. 4 percent Autonomous Region for Islamic Mindanao (ARMM), 57 percent and Caraga, 42. 9 percent. 32 Million Poor Filipinos With the adjustment on poverty threshold, the payoff of Filipinos considered poor or affected by poverty incidence swell to 30 gazillion or 39. percent of the population in 2000 from 36. 8 percent in 1997. correspond to the Commission on commonwealth (Popcom), the soma could tolerate further burn uped to 32 one million million or 40 percent of the population in 2002. In terms of outlet of families, poverty incidence affected 33. 7 percent of all Filipino families in 2000 from only 31. 8 percent in 1997. 5. 1 Million Poor Families The NSO inform that in 2000, poverty incidence affected 19. 9 percent of families in urban areas and 46. 9 percent in inelegant areas. Real number of poor families climbed to 5. 1 million, 1. 5 million of them in urban areas and 3. million in rural areas. Some 2. 5 million families were living in subsistence level, meaning their income was not enough to sully their basic food requirements. Poor and Near Poor, 58 percent In its 2001 chronicle, the World Bank express 12. 7 percent of Filipinos were poor, a term it assigned to those who lived on less(prenominal)(prenominal) than US$1 a day while 45. 9 percent were near poor or those who lived on less than US$2 a day. A 2002 survey conducted by the local poll classify Social Weather Stations (SWS) showed that 58 percent of its 1,200 respondents had considered themselves poor.The survey, conducted on March 4 to 23, 2002, also disclosed that 52 percent of the respondents believed that their quality of life had deteriorated over the past 12 months while only 15 percent state otherwise. Only 80 pct Had Access to Safe Water Access to honorable intoxication water dropped to 80 percent among Filipino families in 2002 from 81. 4 percent in 1999, according to the coursely Poverty Indicators see (APIS) conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO). In real figure, however, the number of families with access to safe drinking water climbed by 6. 2 percent to 12. 46 million in 2002 from 11. 999 million in 1999 largely because of the 8 percent population growth during the three-year period. 86. 1 per centum Had Toilets The yearly Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 2002 showed that the percentage of Filipino families with access to hygi enic toilet alter to 86. 1 percent in 2002 from 85. 8 percent in 1999. In real number, this translates to 13. 713 million families with sanitary toilet in 2002, up from 12. 662 million families three years earlier. 79 Percent Had ElectricityThe annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 2002 showed that around 12. 581 million families or 79 percent of the tote up had electricity in 2002, up from only 10. 809 million or 73. 3 percent of all families in 1999. 72 Percent Had Strong Houses The yearbook Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 2002 showed that 11. 497 million Filipino families or 72. 2 percent of the make out had their roofs made of toughened materials and 9. 888 million had their outer walls made of strong materials. 7 Percent Owned House and Lot The Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 2002 showed that 10. 593 mill ion Filipino families or 66. 5 percent of the occur had their own house and lot in 2002, with only 546,000 of them or 5. 1 percent using the governings finance program to purchase their house and lot. Some 3. 425 million families or 21. 5 percent of the total had lands other than residence in 2002 while 376,000 families acquired lands through the regimes Comprehensive Agrarian Reform schedule (CARP).Ibon Poverty Affects 87. 5 Percent Ibon Foundation Inc. , a research think-tank that was accused by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as leftist, inform that poverty incidence actually affected 13. 4 million Filipino families or 87. 5 percent of all families in the country. The independent research agency base its computation on data from the National Wage Commission. Ibon utter that the daily cost of living for a family of half dozen was P530 in tube-shaped structure Manila and P435 in the total country, as of April 2002. 16 Percent Experiences HungerA survey conducted by Soci al Weather Stations (SWS) in March 2001 showed that 16. 1 percent of its respondents had experienced smart at least once in the last three months. About 6 percent of the households surveyed also claimed that they were experiencing hunger often or always. 20 to 34 Percent of Filipinos Undernourished About 20 to 34 percent of 74. 2 million Filipinos in the period 1998 to 2000 was undernourished, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in its report entitled The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2002. The blusht in the Philippines was worse that those in Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam where only 5 to 19 percent of the population was undernourished. Only less than 2. 5 percent of population in Malaysia was undernourished while thither was no record of similar problem in capital of Singapore and Thailand. Only Cambodia, with 35 percent or more of its population being undernourished, was worse off than the Philippines. The FAO report that at that place a re some 840 million undernourished people in the world today while the World Bank said round 1. zillion people lived on less than US$1 per day. Some 25,000 people reportedly die of hunger and poverty each day. Measured annually, around six million barbarianren under the age of five are dying of hunger. 6 of 10 patrolmen are Poor A landing field concuted by the UP Variates and the CORPS Foundation in July 2002 showed that 32 percent of Metro Manila policemen claimed that their monthly income they took home were below the poverty threshold of P8,877 a month while well 90 percent admitted they had debts to government and private impart institutions.Nearly 50 percent had no money box savings. 1. 391 Million Families with Working Children Child labor remains a problem in the country. As of 2002, there were 1. 391 million families or 12. 8 percent of the total that had work children aged from five years old to 17 years old. 4 Million Children, Working So critical was the poverty incidence in the country that some Filipino children had to find work in 2001. According to the NSO, 4 million out of the total 25 million Filipino children were functional during the survey period from October 1, 2000 to September 30, 2001. intimately of these working children were male, aged 10 to 17 years old, unskilled and un pay. They worked as farmers, fishermen, hunters, vendors, and factory workers. Some 221,000 children did heavy fleshly work 1. 1 million faced physical hazards 942,000 suffered injuries at work and 754,000 had work-related illnesses. These figures were consistent with the conclusions of an international institution. According to the United Nations Childrens Emergency Fund (Unicef), some four million Filipino children were forced to work as of 2002 because their parents could not find jobs.Around 67 percent of these children were working in the agricultural sector and had to gimmick going to school. About 50 percent of the children were feeding their r espective families. 15 Million Children, Malnourished A 2002 study conducted by the Philippine Congress showed that roughly 15. 6 million or more than 60 percent of the 25 million Filipino children (below 18 years old) were malnourished. In a separate study conducted by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI), three out of 10 Filipino pre-schoolers were found malnourished or underweight in 2001. In actual numbers, there were 3. million malnourished pre-school children. RP merchandise 24 Million Bags of Rice The Philippines, which remains largely rural and agricultural, has become the worlds stern largest importer of rice, afterward Indonesia, Nigeria and Iran. Citing a report of the US subdivision of Agriculture, Representative Satur Ocampo said the country imported about 1. 18 million tons system of measurement tons of rice in 2001 and a total of 1. 2 million metric tons (24 million 50-kilogram bags) of rice in 2002. 1. 5 Million Street Children The Philippines has o ne of the worlds largest populations of street children.A 1996 report of the non-government movement End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT) showed that the Philippines had 1. 5 million children living or working in the street of 65 cities. Metro Manila alone had at least 75,000 street children. ECPAT claimed that many children in the street were working as pick liberations and beggars and that around 60,000 children were either sexually exploited or control to prostitution. According to the serious Drugs Board, 325,000 children were using outlawed substance, specially rugby. About speed of light million children in the world were said to be living in the street as of 1994. . 8 Million Illiterate Filipinos According to the available Literacy Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) conducted in 2001, about 2. 8 million Filipinos could not read and write while 7. 4 million others are functionally illiterate. Functional illiteracy refers to the inability of a person to us e his skills in reading, writing and counting to improve his life. 10. 8 Million Unemployed, Underemployed The subdivision of Labor and Employment (DOLE) said that as of April 2002, there were 4. 866 million discharged Filipinos accounting for 13. percent of the total labor force estimated at 35. 052 million workers. About 5. 922 million others or 19. 6 percent of the labor force were also underemployed, meaning they had no regular sources of income. 26 Percent of College Graduates Unemployed A study commissioned by the Trade aggregate Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) in 2002 showed that 26. 2 percent of college graduates aged 24 years old and below were unemployed. In comparison, only 13. 6 percent of high school graduates and 9. 1 percent of elementary dropouts were unemployed during the same period.Workers, Only 30. 6 Percent of Population Measured against the whole population (80 million), those who were working at least 40 hours a workweek estimated at 24. 264 million wor kers comprised only 30. 5 percent of all people in the Philippines as of April 2002. 40 Percent of Voters Unaware of Rights In June 2002, the Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV), an independent Catholic organization, announced that just about 40 percent of their respondents composed of Filipino voters were unaware of their voting rights. Prices Up by 6 PercentAccording to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), prices of goods and service of processs moved up by over 6 percent in 2001. In particular, prices of fuel, light and water increased by an average of 11. 5 percent, year-on-year in 2001. Rice in the Philippines reportedly costs three times as much as it does in Thailand. Price of Medicine, Three Times as Much Prices of eight common drugs in the country were three times as much as they were in India, according to the Department of wellness (DoH). For example, a 20-milligram yellow journalism of Adalat Retard or Nifedine 20 that cost over P34 in the Ph ilippines in 2001 was only priced at about P5. 4 in India in the same year. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has accused local pharmaceutic firms belonging to the Pharmaceutical and Healthcare fellowship of the Philippines (PHAP) of dictating prices of medicine in the country. 5 Million Housing gather According to the National Housing Authority (NHA), some 5 million Filipino families were in need of permanent houses in the whole country. 3. 4 Million Squatters In its 2002 study, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has cited the need to improve the lives of some 3. 4 million Filipinos living in the slums of Metro Manila. ,521 Disabled Filipinos, Driving As of October 2002, the National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons (NCWDP) disclosed that some 3,521 modify Filipinos have licenses to drive vehicles. The number of disabled driver included 2,550 partially blind, 56 with imp broadcasted hearing and speech, 777 with impaired lower limbs and 138 with impaired hurryi ng limbs. Philippine Justice System According to the Supreme Court, about 45 percent of Philippine courts regional trial courts, municipal courts, and municipal circuit trial courts had no judges as of September 2002.Meanwhile, the Department of Justice said there was a 22 percent vacancy in positions of prosecutors in the whole country. Just how the courts administered justice with such a wide vacancy in positions of judges and prosecutors paints a assure of disillusionment among victims waiting impatiently for justice. The vacancy in these positions unremarkably means delay in the execution of instrument of justice, which in strain discourages people from actually filing cases in courts. 88 Signatures for Housing Permit As of 2001, it took 88 signatures to get an approval to build a house in the Philippines.President Arroyo tenacious that the number of signatures be trimmed to 45. P35 gazillion Lost to Project Anomalies The chairman of the Committee on Appropriations at th e lower chamber of Congress said the Philippine government wooly-minded P21 trillion to graft and corruption stemming from connive contracts entered into by senators and congressmen in 2001. The amount excluded money deep in thought(p) to corruption involving projects executed by other government officials. Meanwhile, Senator Edgardo Angara said that around P35 meg is bewildered to graft and corruption in government infrastructure projects annually.Such anomalies come in the form of rigged public bidding, substandard work and cost padding. (Source Philippine chance(a) Inquirer) P21 one million million Lost to Procurement Process The Philippine government has been losing some P21 one thousand thousand to corrupt officials snarly in the procurement process, the none-government organization Procurement Watch Inc. (PWI) reported. At the same time, a survey conducted by the Social Weather Stations (SWS) showed that 15 percent of the cost of all government contracts is lost to co rruption. P104 Billion Pork BarrelAside from legislating laws, Filipinos senators and congressmen have made it their responsibility to distribute reading projects in their respective districts. Each one of the 24 senators receives some P200 million in teaching gold annually while each one of about 218 congressmen receives P100 million in annual appropriations. In total, all these development funds for legislators, collectively known as procurement budget or pork barrel, amount to P104 billion annually. According to House appropriations committee chairman Rolando Andaya Jr. , ome P21 billion or nearly 20 percent of this amount is pocketed by some legislators, other government officials and contractors each year. (Source Philippine Daily Inquirer) RP, Fourth Most Corrupt in Asia In its 2002 survey, the Hong Kong-based Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC), which asked 1,000 hostile businessmen in 12 Asian countries, has ranked the Philippines as the fourth most corrupt co untry in Asia closely buttocks Indonesia, India and Vietnam. The Philippines received a score of 8. 0 in the survey, on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 the best possible score for a country with no corruption.PERC said Singapore was the least corrupt in the region, with a score of 0. 9. In a separate survey also in 2002, hydrofoil world(prenominal) (TI) ranked the Philippines 77th among 102 countries in terms of fighting graft and corruption. The Philippines got a score of 2. 6 in corruption perception index, with 10 the highest possible score for the country that has no corruption. Finland was ranked number 1, with a score of 9. 7. Bangladesh was at the bottom of the list, with a score of 1. 2. P85 billion Ill-Gotten Wealth RecoveredIn its claim as of 2002, the Presidential Commission on Good Government said that it has recovered a total of P85 billion in ill-gotten wealth since it was created in 1986. 2. 8 Million Income Tax Payers patch there were 15 million compensated workers i n the country in 2000, only 2. 8 million actually paid income assesses. According to Senator Ralph Recto, of the total individual income assess returns filed in 2000, 1. 953 million were by salaried workers (1. 350 million of whom were government employees) and only 536,000 by businessmen and non-salaried professionals (like doctors and lawyers).In real amount, ordinary workers paid some P63. 8 billion while non-salaried individuals, mostly businessmen and professionals, contributed only P7. 3 billion for a total of P81. 8 billion in individual income taxes. The senator disclosed that about 56. 2 percent of salaried and non-salaried workers in the country failed to settle their individual income taxes in 2000. Over the past 11 years, leakage from the individual income tax amounted to P608 billion. This was on top of the P610 billion that were lost to leakage in the value added tax (VAT) scheme. US$205 Billion Tax EvasionA study conducted by the research unit of US bank Morgan Stan ley said that the Philippine government lost some US$205 billion in potential revenues from 1965 to 2001. The figure was computed based on the estimated annual tax leakage of US$7. 6 billion or P380 billion. It was higher than the governments estimate. According to the Department of Finance (DoF), some P242 billion (US$4. 65 billion) in potential government revenues is lost to tax evaders yearly. In its 1998 study, the Department of Finance said some P69. 85 billion was lost because of leakage in the value-added tax, P59. 3 billion in corporate income tax, P98. 95 billion in personal income tax, P2. 56 billion in excise tax, P6. 4 billion in documentary stamp tax, P1. 18 billion in interest withholding tax on bank deposits, P2. 33 billion in fringe benefits tax, P1. 5 billion in gross receipts tax, and P370 million in insurance tax. P187 Billion Tax Incentives to Corporations The government dangled some P187. 2 billion tax incentives to the largest foreign and local companies in the country in 2001. These incentives came in the form of income tax holidays and duty-free importation of raw materials from other countries.Companies, which benefited from such tax incentives were those registered at Board of Investments (BOI), Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) and other investment promotion agencies. P147 Billion Budget famine The countrys fiscal deficit reached P147. 03 billion (US$2. 95 billion) or 4. 1 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) estimated at P3. 6 trillion (US$72 billion) in 2001. While the government spent P710. 8 billion, its total revenues amounted to only P563. 73 billion. Public sector funding requirement (PSFR) reached P189 billion. Debt servicing or payments to interests of domestic and foreign borrowings reached P27. billion. To augment its budget requirements in 2001, the government sourced 87 percent of its total financing from domestic funds and 13 percent from foreign loans and aid. The government relied heavily on fixed-rat e Treasury bonds as it issued P208. 42 billion worth of these short-term fixed-income securities. The situation was worse in 20002. The government said the budget deficit would climb to P223 billion or 5. 6 percent of the GDP by the end of the year. The original target was only 4 percent. P781 Billion Government Budget According to the Department of Budget and prudence (DBM), the government has a total budget of P780. billion for 2002. Budget deficit is expected to reach at least P150 billion in 2002. Of the 2002 budget, some P233. 9 billion or 30 percent is to be poured into social services P204. 2 billion or 26 percent to debt interest payments P158. 9 billion or 21 percent to economic services P136. 1 billion or 18 percent to general services and P41. 5 billion or 5 percent to defense. Among government agencies, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) had the largest share of the pie at P103 billion while the Department of National Defense (DND) got P60. billion. US$53. 4 Billion Foreign Debt The Central Bank said that as of March 2002, total foreign debt of the Philippines amounted to US$53. 4 billion. Public debt was placed at P2. 62 trillion as of June 2002. US$45 Billion in Infrastructure needs According to the World Bank, the Philippines would need some US$35 billion to US$45 billion in fresh investments from the private sector to improve its infrastructures (roads, bridges, railways, telecommunication facilities, etc. ) over the adjacent ten years. Two Peoples RevoltsFourteen years after the historic People Power Revolution that ousted the Marcos dictatorial command in 1986, ii peoples revolts rocked Metro Manila in the first fractional of 2001. This was followed by several attempts to duplicate the ugly whitethorn 1 mob rebellion staged by supporters of deposed President Joseph Estrada. In the absence seizure of a legal framework governing peoples revolts, political stability became harder to establish. Foreign Affairs Secretary and agent Senator Blas Ople called for a sober examination of the people power phenomenon and warned that a fresh call to stage some other revolution would threaten the countrys political stability.In a Senate resolution, Senator Blas Ople urged the chamber to assess the merits of people power as an instrument of political change and its constitutional implications. Episode of Turbulence Even President Arroyo, who was a benefactive role of the January 2001 peoples revolt, appealed for an end to what she called an episode of turbulence and threats. In a living democracy, no stem has the right to hold constitution-making hostage by threatening to overthrow the executive on either issue of policy dis intellect, she said. 34 Percent Says Democracy deeds The Filipino people were also dismayed.In a national survey conducted by the University of the Philippines (UP) Center for Leadership, Citizenry and Democracy in November 2001, only one of three Filipino respondents or 34 percent claimed they were satisfied with the way democracy works in the country. In contrast, about 42 percent of the respondents said otherwise. (Source Philippine Daily Inquirer) Violent Elections A manifestation of poor two-eyed violet and order situation in the Philippines is the death of at least 87 people in the barangay (village) and Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) elections in July 2002.The police said another 45 individuals were injured in 183 violent confrontations among candidates and their henchmen. Ironically, the police set forth the situation as generally peaceful because fewer people died this year, compared with previous barangay elections. On July 15, the Filipino people elected 41,945 barangay chairmen, a similar number of youth leaders and 293,615 barangay council members. 25,000 Armed Rebels There are two major insurgency movements in the Philippines, namely the communist insurgency and the Muslim separatist movement.According to military estimates, there were 2 5,000 armed rebels as of the first quarter of 2002. These included 11,930 communist guerillas, 12,500 active members of the Moro Islamic press release introductory (MILF) and hundreds more belonging to Muslim extremist Abu Sayyaf, Abu Sufia and Pentagon groups. 347 Clashes with the Reds The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) recorded 347 armed confrontations with the communist guerillas, resulting in the death of 189 rebels and 120 government soldiers in 2001. Moro Leader in PrisonIn November 2001, former(prenominal) Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) chairman Nur Misuari who signed a peace pact with the government in 1996 broke the agreement and led another armed struggle along with his loyal supporters. He was facing sedition charges at a prison camp in Laguna province. Muslim Extremists The Abu Sayyaf (Bearers of the Sword) is a Muslim extremist group that was fighting for an independent Islamic state in Mindanao. Since 1994, it has burned a Christian town, beheaded a nu mber of innocent civilians, abducted foreigners and planted bombs in crowded areas.The AFP claimed that it was able to reduce the Abu Sayyaf force from 4,000 in 1994 to 600 in June 2001 and to 60 in May 2002. In April 2000, the group took 21 hostages, mostly European tourists from the Sipadan Island in Sabah, Malaysia and brought them to Sulu province in Mindanao. The hostages were freed four months later upon payment of US$20 million ransom by the Libyan government. On May 27, 2001, the Abu Sayyaf abducted an American couple along with another American and 17 Filipinos from a beach resort in Palawan province.The group had beheaded the other American but freed the Filipino hostages. Some 1,000 American troops went to Mindanao to coordinate, advise and train Filipino soldiers in the rescue mission of the American couple. On June 7, 2002, American hostage Martin Burnham and Filipino nurse who was also taken by the group were killed during an encounter amidst the Muslim extremists and the pursuing Filipino troops in Zamboanga del Norte province. Gracia Burnham was wounded but survived.Camp Abu Bakar Falls The former Estrada administration declared an ugly all-out war against Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) rebels in the year 2000. While the government was able to siege Camp Abu Bakar, the main camp of the MILF, the war resulted in numerous bombings in the south and Metro Manila. There were also summary executions of Filipino Christians in Mindanao. On May 7, 2002, the Arroyo government and the MILF signed an interim peace agreement in Putrajaya, Malaysia.While the agreement called for the governments rehabilitation and development of areas devastated by the war in 2000, it did not call for the laying down of arms by the Muslim dissidents. Cost of War P100 Billion The World Bank said the recurring armed conflict between government soldiers and Muslim fighters would cost southwestern Mindanao over P100 billion in the next 10 years in terms of lost or stagnant investments. 2 Million Unlicensed Guns Around 2 million unlicensed guns were circulating in the Philippines on top of the 775,000 legally registered firearms.The figures were disclosed during the Regional Seminar on Implementing the UN Program of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons which was held in Quezon City in July 2002. A statement issued during the seminar also claimed that the 2 million unlicensed firearms and light weapons, including pistols, rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers and shoulder-fired missiles, were responsible for the death of four million people in 46 major conflicts in the country in the 1990s. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has tell the national police to intensify the campaign against faint firearms.Reports said there are about 328,329 loose firearms nationwide. In 2002, the national police confiscated 7,633 loose firearms. The Department of Interior and local anaesthetic Government said that of the 12,000 firearms used in crimes in 2002, more than 10,000 of which were unlicensed. 37,254 Index Crimes Some 37,254 index crimes were reported to the police in the year 2000 alone. The police claimed to have solved 32,445 or 87 percent of these cases. Index crimes refer to crimes committed against lives and properties. P1. 25 Billion RansomThe Citizens Action Against Crime, a non-government organization, claimed that around 2,100 people, many of them Filipino-Chinese businessmen, have become victims of kidnap-for-ransom gangs in the Philippines and paid ransom amounting to about P1. 25 billion from 1993 to 2002. The group added that in 2002 alone, kidnap victims paid a total ransom amounting to P211 million. News reports said kidnap-for-ransom syndicates victimized over 240 individuals, including 20 foreigners in 2001. In the first half of 2002, another 80 individuals, including 30 foreigners, became victims of kidnapping.While Manila-based publications tagged the Philippines as the worlds kidnap capital, the Philippine Nationa l Police (PNP) quickly denied this, claiming that Colombia owns the title. 1,877 Cars Stolen The Philippine National Police (PNP) documented a total of 1,877 car theft cases in 2000. Police data showed that a total of 2,219 vehicles were reported stolen in Metro Manila in 2002. This meant that six cars were stolen in the metropolis each day and 185 cars each month in 2002. 8 Rape Victims Per mean solar day Some 3,145 cases of rape were reported in the country in 2001.This translates to 8 cases of rape each day and one rape incident in every three hours during the year. The figure only covers rape incidents reported to the police. There were also 5,735 murder cases and 4,079 homicide incidents reported in the country in 2001 alone. 5,185 end up Crimes Against Children According to the Social Welfare and Development, there were a total of 5,185 sex crimes committed against children in the Philippines in 2000, and 3,980 cases in 2001. Sex crimes refer to rape, incest, and acts of las civiousness. 143 Escapees The Bureau of Jail Management reported that 143 prisoners escaped from their cells in 2000.Of these fugitives, 89 were recaptured. 25,000 Inmates The Bureau of department of corrections said that in 2002, it was holding 25,002 inmates, 16,134 of whom are at the New Bilibid Prisons (NBP), which has a holding capacity of only 8,700. 314 Political Prisoners As of December 2002, the National Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa was hosting 314 political prisoners. 239 Dismissed Cops in 2002 In the campaign against erring policemen, the national police reported that it dismissed from the service 239 commissioned and non-commissioned lieurs who were among the 4,447 policemen who were charged administratively for various offenses in 2002.The national police is encouraging the public to report crimes or ask for police assistance in case of emergency by sending a short messaging service (SMS) or schoolbook message to 2920. P300 Billion Illegal Drug Industry According to I nterior and Local Government Secretary Joey Lina, the crime syndicates produce and trade P300-billion worth of illegal drugs in the country annually. The Dangerous Drugs Board also disclosed that some 1. 8 million Filipinos are hooked on illegal drugs while 1. 6 million others are casual users. 1. 8 Million Drug UsersAccording to the supranational Narcotics Control Board, the use of methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu has become the most popular drug of abuse in the Philippines. The Anti-Narcotics Group of the Philippine National Police disclosed that around 1. 8 million of the 80 million Filipinos were regular drug users. The agency also disclosed that about 70 percent of hemp supply in the world might be coming from the Cordillera region in northern Luzon. It claimed that marijuana fields have been found among the 300,000 hectares of Cordillera farmlands in the past.In 1999, the police conducted 7,956 raids and arrested 11,004 individuals on drug-related cases. 55,000 Mail O rder Brides to US According to womens group Gabriela, about 55,000 Filipino women have entered the United States as mail order brides as of 1997. Another 20,000 mail order brides went to Australia. 15 Women Beaten Daily As of 2002, militant womens group Gabriela said at least 15 women and six children are beaten up daily. In 2001, Gabriela recorded 5,668 cases of wife battering and 2,274 cases of maltreatment of children. Two-Thirds of Young Workers Had Premarital SexA survey conducted by the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) in 2002 showed that 30 percent of the countrys unripe workforce claimed to be sexually active, with 10 percent of the single male respondents claiming to have casual sex. The study titled Issues Affecting Young Filipino Workers also showed that 37 percent of boylike males have had sex with more than one partner usually with prostitutes anterior to marriage while two-thirds of married female and male workers said they had premarital sex with t he people they ultimately married.In a separate report, a study conducted by the University of the Philippines Population Institute in the year 2000 showed that 23 percent of 16. 5 million Filipinos aged between 15 and 24 have move in premarital sex. According to the TUCP, about 6. 5 million Filipino workers were belonging to the 15 to 24 year age group as of 2002. four hundred,000 Prostitutes Despite the fact that prostitution is illegal in the country, womens group Gabriela said that around 400,000 Filipinos were working as prostitutes as of 1998. 100,000 Child ProstitutesAccording to the United Nations Childrens Fund (Unicef), about 60,000 to 100,000 Filipino children were working as prostitutes as of 1997. Prostitution was present in 37 provinces then. The major child prostitution dens were found in Manila, Angeles City, Puerto Galera, Davao City and Cebu City. The Philippines has reportedly become a favorite destination of pedophiles from the US, Australia and Europe. The Dep artment of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has documented 8,335 cases of child abuse from 1991 to 1996. 400,000 AbortionsA study released by the University of the Philippines Population Institute in February 2003 said that there were 400,000 cases of abortion in the country each year, contempt the fact that abortion is illegal here. Vagina Economy While hundreds of surviving Filipino women are still demanding justice from the Nipponese government for their travails in the hands of lacquerese troops who held them as sex slaves during World War 2, thousands of young Filipino women are ironically asking the Philippine government to ease the rules in the deployment of entertainers to Japan.One government agency that tried to screen the recruitment of young Filipino women as entertainers in Japan at long last found itself in deep controversy. The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), the countrys main agency tasked to apprehend standards of non-degree a nd non-formal skills training of Filipino workers, was under fire for allegedly delaying the issuance of certification to some 20,000 young Filipino women to work as entertainers or overseas performing artists in Japan in 2002.The Philippine Association of Recruitment Agencies Deploying Artists (PARADA), the association of recruitment agencies deploying young Filipino women as entertainers in Japan accused TESDA manager general Dante Liban of deliberately delaying the issuance of the so-called Artist Record Books (ARB) to 20,000 prospective overseas performing artists in 2002. Applicants need an ARB to get a visa from the Japanese embassy. PARADA alleged that a group of people in TESDA were demanding P25,000 for an ARB from applicants who do not want to undergo testing.Without irregularity, the ARB is supposed to cost only P300. Because of the alleged irregularity in TESDA, PARADA claimed that 20,000 Filipino women lost the opportunity of earning US$800 a month in Japan. Data from the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) showed that deployment of Filipino entertainers to Japan slowed to 50,000 persons in 2002 from 70,000 in 2001. yet a group of Filipinos said that the single biggest controversy was not the delay in the issuance of ARBs to young Filipino women but the deployment of thousands of them to work as prostitutes or sex workers in other countries.Labor Undersecretary Lucila Lazo even went to the extent of calling it as vagina miserliness. There are around 180,000 Filipino entertainers in Japan sending US$200 million each year. Many of these women were vulnerable to abuse and some driven to prostitution by the Japanese Yakuza gang. According to the Movement for Responsible Enterprise (MORE), a civic group of concerned Filipinos, the Philippine government provided cover to save Japan from the embarrassment of hosting Filipino prostitutes. The government made them appear like performing artists, sent to Japan as entertainers, it added.F ilipino entertainers were eventually called Japayuki, which was an original assortment made by Japanese media referring to young girls working as prostitutes. The Philippine government allows the deployment of Filipino women as young as 18 years old. The civic group also called on religious and militant groups to join the campaign against the continued deployment of Filipino entertainers abroad. Let us all destroy this national disgrace. reveal the trafficking of women. Our national honor is priceless. We must defend it at all cost, at all times, it said. P8 Billion Annual Gambling RevenuesGambling is a major social problem in the country. Not even the cartridge ejector of President Joseph Estrada from Malacanang Palace, on charges of receiving jueteng money from syndicates, could abate the problem. Jueteng is said to be a P40-billion business in the Philippines, annually. While declaring jueteng as illegal, the government promotes other forms of gambling such as casino operation s, lottery and recently text games. In May 2002 alone, the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp. (Pagcor), the government agency tasked to collect gambling revenues, reported an income of P1. 81 billion.For the whole of 2000, Pagcor reported a net income of P8 billion, the second largest amount earned by any Philippine go with in that year. Text Gambling No one seems to be bothered by the growing trend of text gambling in the Philippines. Due to the popularity of short messaging service (SMS) or text messaging in the country, broadcast stations and telecommunication companies have connived to endorse the now hugely popular text games. Here, the participants, mostly television viewers or radio listeners, put their bet in the form of a text message worth P10 each for the chance to win large prizes.Although less pronounced as a form of gambling, text gambling is no different than other number games like lottery, jai alai or jueteng. Companies Lose P3. 5 Billion to Counterfeiting Acco rding to the Brand Protection Association (BPA), a group of 15 multinational companies based in the country, their member companies lost P3. 5 billion to makers and distributors of parry brand products in the first three quarters of 2002 alone. As a result, the government also lost P1. 3 billion in potential revenues.The BPA also disclosed that the government confiscated fake goods amounting to P2. 4 billion in the first nine months of 2002 alone, up from P800 million in the whole of 1998. The BPA said that the counterfeiting and piracy problem is not limited to CDs, VCDs and computer softwares but also affects top brands of garments, bags, wallets, medicines, liquified petroleum gas (LPGs), batteries, lamps, bulbs and switches, brandy, vodka, cigarettes, soaps and shampoo, laser printer toner and ink cartridges, sofa beds, hacksaws, toys and electronic goods.About 86 makers of product lines are said to be affected by counterfeits, which are boldly sold at formal distribution chann els like shopping malls, department stores and supermarkets. Not because these companies are in on it, but because they are also fooled, Mr. Wallace clarified. The BPA said that the fake drugs and smuggled medicines comprise 30 percent of total products in the pharmaceutical sector. The lighting sector is burdened by a 5 to 15 percent penetration of fake products while about 63 percent of softwares sold in the country is considered pirated. Most of the fake products sold in the country, the BPA added, come from China.P1. 1 billion Smuggled Fuel A study conducted by the Asian Institute of Management Policy Center (AIM-PC) suggested that some P1. 1 billion worth of diesel fuel were smuggled into the country between 1999 and 2001. Some 300,000 liters or 2,000 barrels of diesel are reportedly smuggled and sold in the country each day. The policy think tank blamed several owners of barges and tankers/trucks ship captains and seamen past and present officials of oil firms owners of depots and storehouses and importers and owners of import terminals as responsible for the smuggling.The culprits reportedly got help from officials and employees of the Bureau of Customs, the Philippine Navy and the shore Guard. Alcohol, Most Abused Drug Liquor is said to be the most abused substance in the Philippines and the world. While there remains to be a concrete study on the effects of alcoholism, many index crimes such as homicides, physical injuries and sex-related offenses are often associated with alcohol. Adding to these are the numerous accidents caused by drunk driving. Many Filipino families were also ruined by alcoholism, with young children exposed to the evils of their drunken fathers.Sadly, the government does not do anything about it. San Miguel Corp. , a beverage conglomerate that is the top seller of beer and gin, is also the countrys largest corporation. In 1998 alone, the company sold 327. 6 million bottles of beer. 1. 25 Billion Liters of Beer In 1995, Filipi nos consumed 146,000 bottles of wine, making them the top wine drinkers in Asia. A more shocking report is that Filipinos consumed 1. 25 billion liters or 3. 9 billion bottles of beer in 1998 alone. In the year 2001, beverages comprised nearly 2. 3 percent of the average Filipinos expenditures.A 1994 survey conducted by the University of the Philippines showed that almost 5. 3 million or 60 per cent of Filipino youths were drinking alcoholic beverages. Of the total, 4. 2 million were males and 1. 1 million, females. A conclusion was that there were more alcoholic drinkers than smokers among Filipino youths, who were starting to drink alcohol at the age of 16 or 17 years old. 21. 6 Percent of Students Smoke A global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) in the Philippines showed that as many as 21. 6 percent of Filipino students were smoking cigarettes.The percentage was 32. 6 percent among male students and 12. 9 percent among female students. Some students believed that smoking would win the m more friends and make them look cool. Tobacco comprised 2. 4 percent of the average Filipinos expenditures in 2001. 6,100 Tons of Garbage Daily According to the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA), the metropolis produces some 6,100 tons of garbage daily. In 2001, the total volume of recyclable materials that ended up in junkshops and recycle plants reached 120,162 metric tons. The Cost of Air PollutionThe World Bank has reported that air pollution in the Philippines results in a yearly loss of US$1. 5 billion in medical treatment, lost wages, low productivity and deaths that severely impact the Filipinos quality of life. The World Bank report also said that air pollution results in 2,000 deaths each year and causes US$1. 5 billion in lost wages, medical treatment in the four metropolis of Baguio, Manila, Cebu and Davao The World Bank also said that the country needs US$500 million (P25 billion) to implement the Clean Air Act of 1999 over the next 10 years.In its Philippines Environment Monitor 2002, the World Bank said the government spends US$400 million in health cost as a result of air pollution in four urban centers alone, namely Metro Manila, Cebu, Davao and Baguio where about a quarter of the population lives. Such a health cost is said to be 0. 6 percent of the countrys gross national product. The World Bank cited a 2001 survey screening that more than 72 percent of Metro Manilas residents were alarmed by air pollution and 73 percent said they were not aware that the government was doing anything to address it.The World Bank said air pollutants such as ozone and nitrogen oxides continue to spread. In its study, the World Bank said fine particle emissions result in about 2,000 premature deaths and 9,000 cases of chronic bronchitis in the countrys four largest urban areas annually. These emissions of pollutants were largely blamed on public buses, jeepneys, utility vehicles, trucks and motorcycles that continue to emit visible smoke despite the governments anti-smoke belching campaign. As of 2001, there were 3. 9 million land vehicles in the country. 2 Million Filipinos unresolved to Tuberculosis A World Bank report in 2002 said that around 22 million Filipinos were exposed to tuberculosis. Nearly 740 Filipinos are afflicted with tuberculosis, while 68 die of the disease each day. The report added that Filipinos spend a total of P160 billion to cure the disease each year. 578 assist Cases The Department of Health has recorded 1,761 HIV-positive cases and 578 AIDS cases from January 1984 to September 2002. Most of these cases involved persons aged 20 to 39 years old.However, the US Central Intelligence Agency said that there were about 28,000 Filipinos infected with HIV or AIDS and that 1,200 of died in 1999 alone. P30 Trillion for Reforestation In January 2003, a study by the Green Tropics International (GTI) claimed that the Philippines would need P30 trillion to reforest countrys denuded mountains in over 85 years. 2. 7 Trips by Metro Manilans Each Day Studies made by the Traffic and Engineering Center (TEC) of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) showed that as of 2002, Metro Manilans were making an average of 2. trips individually and 12 million trips collectively each day. sooner this, a study by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 1999 showed that the Philippines was losing some P140 billion annually to traffic congestion. It said the national economy was directly losing P40 billion in the forms of flatulency and diesel fuel, man-hours, electricity, salaries of traffic aides and increased expenses for mobile phones. Indirectly, the country was losing P100 billion in the forms of lost business opportunities, depreciated value of real property and increased cause of health care due to air pollution.Cost of Traffic Problem US$3. 6 Billion The San Francisco-based Filipinas Magazine reported that traffic congestion costs the Philippine economy some US$3. 6 billion annu ally. Citing a government study, the magazine said the traffic problem, particularly in Metro Manila, results in a US$1 billion loss to wasted gasoline and electricity, man-hours and hiring of traffic aides and US$2. 6 billion to missed business opportunities, reduced sales and investment disincentives. The study added that total loss would exceed US$36 billion in ten years.It noted that the average speed of a vehicle has slowed to 12. 6 kilometers per hour today from 18 kilometers per hour ten years ago. Get-Rich-Quick Schemes If it sounds too good to be true, it usually is. This was how the corporate watchdog Securities and veer Commission (SEC) described the usual promise made by pseudo-investment firms in luring the public to invest substantial amount in their get-rich-quick schemes. The SEC warned that pseudo-investment firms that are not registered with the government office have already duped many investors, including foreigners and Filipino-Americans.Some victims, who have placed investments ranging from P10,000 to P50 million, were not able to recover their money and its supposed interest. The SEC has already issued cease-and-desist orders (CDOs) on the operations of several pseudo-investment firms that have been in operation without licenses. According to the corporate watchdog, some of these firms act as lending investors, investment firms, and financial companies that issue securities to the public.The companies promote their services by telephone calls, mails or personal visits and usually offer investors huge interest on every investment placed, without explaining the risks involved. They also require immediate investments. The pseudo-investment firms give promise that a minimum investment of P10,000 to P100,000 would earn a monthly interest of 15 percent. Among the promotional gimmicks of these pseudo-investments firms are seminars that use the lines You can become a millionaire in three years and You can turn your financial dreams into reality .Investors usually discover that they have been duped only when the checks issued to them bounced. Pyramiding Scam As of January 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the government corporate watchdog said that investment firms engaged in the so-called benefit operation have duped at least 2 million Filipinos of as much as P70 billion. Worlds quaternate Most Accident-Prone Country According to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the Philippines was the fourth most accident prone country in the world.The two institutions arrived at this conclusion after finding out that some 5,809,986 Filipinos were killed or injured as a result of disasters or man-made calamities over a ten-year period (1992-2001). Ahead of the Philippines in the accident list were China, India and Iran. On a separate report, the Philippine National Red Cross said 31,835 Filipinos were killed and 94,369,462 others were affected by natural disasters and calamities in a foil of 20 years. (Source Philippine Daily Inquirer) Shallow Knowledge of HistoryCongressman Edmund Reyes of Marinduque province quoted an NFO-Trends survey showing that Filipino youth had a very shallow appreciation of the countrys history and cultural heritage. The survey showed that only 37 percent of the 1,420 respondents aged 7 to 21 years old, were able to sing the National hymn and only 28 percent could recite Panatang Makabayan. When asked to name Filipino heroes, the respondents could only name up to two heroes. A Days Labor For A Burger In 2001, the minimum daily wage in Metro Manila remained at P250, the highest among the countrys 16 regions.An office worker in Makati, who was hired on a contractual basis by a job placement agency, did not receive P250 by the end of a working day. After tax, social security and other deductions were made on top of the share deductions by the agency, the office worker went home with only P200. However, he had to calculate his transportation and meal allowance that amounted to over P100. In other words, what was left in his pocket by the end of the day was less than P100. To treat himself after a hard days work, he decided to stop by a popular fastfood restaurant.He ordered a big burger, a large can of cola and French fries. He was billed P100. in the lead sleeping at night, he remembered that he had to buy a new pair of shoes. He reached for his pocket and found it empty. Yet, he considered himself favored because he was unmarried and was living with his parents who were giving him free breakfast every morning. He was lucky because he had no wife to support and no children to send to school. He was lucky because he was healthy and did not have to buy medicine.Social ProblemsSocial Problems